水中薄片激光打孔反常现象的分析

 在其它条件相同的情况下，水中激光在金属薄片上的打孔效率远高于空气中的打孔效率。采用自行研制的基于光偏转原理的力学传感器，分别测量了激光在空气和水中烧蚀薄片时薄片表面所受的力。实验结果表明，激光在空气中烧蚀薄片时，靶材仅受到烧蚀力的作用，而在水中打靶时，靶受到烧蚀力和两次射流冲力等综合作用，且水中的三次冲力在幅值和持续时间均远大于空气中靶材所受的冲力，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了孔的形貌，进而分析了水下激光打孔效率远高于空气中打孔效率的机制。     

一个有趣的力学小实验

我们曾做了一个有趣的小实验:取两个质地、形状、大小、厚薄均近乎相同的气球,将两者吹得不一样大,然后将两者气嘴相接,这时会发生一个想象不到的现象,竟然小的更小,大的更大,它激起观察者莫大的兴趣。这个小实验简单易作,就中学生演示可激发他们学习物理的兴趣,并认识到生活经验决不是科学分析;     

Mechanism of Spatiotemporal Distribution of Laser Ablated Materials

Interaction between subsequent laser and ablated materials in laser processing changes the laser spatiotemporal distribution and has influences on the efficiency and quality of laser processing. The theoretical and experimental researches on transportation behaviour of ablated materials are provided. It is shown that the velocity distribution of ablated materials is determined by ablation mechanism. The transportation behaviour of ablated materials is controlled by diffusion mechanism and light field force during laser pulse duration while it is only determined by diffusion mechanism when the laser pulse terminates. In addition, the spatiotemporal distribution of ablated materials is presented.     

Experimental investigation of the impact on nearby solid boundary during laser-generated bubble collapse

Cavitation damage has been considered as being responsible for many effects in hydraulic machinery and biological medicine. In order to better understand the cavity interaction with nearby solid surfaces, the impact loading induced by the high-speed liquid-jet and subsequent jet flow during the final stage of the bubble collapse in a static fluid is investigated by focusing a Q-switched pulsed laser into water. By means of a new method based on a fibre-coupling optical beam deflection technique, a detailed experimental study has been made to clarify the relationship of the impact pressure against a solid boundary as a function of the dimensionless γ that is generally used to describe the bubble dynamics with its definition γ= s/R_{max}(R_{max} being the maximum bubble radius and s denoting the distance of the cavity inception from the boundary). The experimental results are shown that for γ in the range of about 0.67 to 0.95 with a pulsed laser energy 230mJ, the transient pressure applied on the solid surface is maximum; while for γ>1 or γ<0.67, it is gradually decreased. By combination of our experimental results with the other work that detected the acoustic emission during the bubble collapse at different γ, it is concluded that in this range of 0.67－0.95, the destructive effect due to a liquid-jet and the following jet flow impact actually outweighs the well-known effect of shock wave emission and plays a vital role during the cavitation bubble collapse.     

电润湿液体透镜暂态过程的测试与分析

提出在电压驱动下液体透镜的响应包括固有响应和强制响应,固有响应信号的函数形式由液体透镜的各种参数决定,与驱动电压无关,但其系数与驱动电压有关,强制响应与驱动电压具有相同的函数形式,液体透镜暂态过程的变化规律取决于固有响应,同样与驱动电压无关。因此,对同一液体透镜改变驱动电压仅改变暂态过程的响应幅度,不改变暂态过程的变化规律,从而也不改变液体透镜的响应时间。实验验证了液体透镜的响应可分解为固有响应和强制响应,测量了不同电压驱动下液体透镜的响应过程及响应时间,并对测试结果进行了理论分析。另外,观察到电润湿液体透镜的反冲现象,该现象出现在加载电压和撤去电压的初始阶段。     

极向Kerr效应对电子自旋交换劈裂的依赖性

用量子理论处理了单原子四能级跃迁模型,研究了自旋交换劈裂对磁光Kerr旋转的影响.结果表明,磁光Kerr转角与电子自旋交换劈裂能之间关系一般是非线性的,仅当交换劈裂能很小时才有线性关系存在 关键词： Kerr转角 磁性 交换作用 劈裂     

含气量对黏性液体中空泡脉动特性的影响

采用自行研制的高灵敏度光偏转测试系统,研究黏性液体中激光空泡脉动特性.判定了空泡两次脉动对应的最大和最小泡半径,进而计算了激光空泡在前两次脉动过程中泡内的含气量.研究表明：泡内含气量对泡脉动特性有较大影响.随着脉动次数的增加,空泡泡内含气量增大.空泡最大泡半径随含气量的增加而增大.此外,受液体黏性影响,空泡膨胀和收缩过程明显变缓. 关键词： 含气量 黏性 激光空泡 脉动特性     

二维铁电开关的Orihara-Ishibashi理论的精确解

将Orihara-Ishibashi铁电体统计理论用于二维正方形铁电薄膜,求出正方形铁电畴反转过程的体积比Q(t)和反转速率dQ/dt的解析表达式,并作了数值计算.结果表明,最大开关电流随系统尺寸l增大而上升,开关时间在系统尺寸l＜0.95时随l减小而下降,l＞0.95时随l减小略有上升.     

激光烧蚀水下金属产生冲击波和空泡效应的研究

采用自行研制的高灵敏度光束偏转测试系统,对脉冲激光烧蚀水下金属产生的等离子体冲击波和空泡效应进行了实验研究。实验得到了激光等离子体冲击波的传播规律、冲击波与激光空泡的分离过程、空泡的脉动特性以及空泡溃灭冲击波的形成机制。结果表明,空泡最大和最小泡径、振荡周期均随着脉动次数的增加呈减小趋势,且减小幅度较大。最小收缩泡径由泡能和腔内含气量共同决定。在同一次脉动过程中,空泡膨胀所需的时间明显大于收缩所需的时间。     

自旋-轨道耦合对磁性绝缘体磁光Kerr效应的影响

采用单原子能级跃迁模型,导出在同时考虑自旋交换劈裂和自旋轨道耦合时磁光Kerr旋转的微观表达式,并就四能级跃迁情况,研究了磁光效应随原子基态及激发态能级自旋轨道耦合常数的变化规律.结果表明:磁光Kerr旋转角与自旋轨道耦合劈裂能量不成正比;单原子能级自旋轨道耦合常数为正或中间激发态自旋轨道耦合常数为负时,有利于提高磁光Kerr旋转. 关键词： 磁光Kerr效应 自旋轨道耦合 线性响应核 劈裂