物理学中的演生现象

在物理学过去的发展历史中,还原论的观点一直是物理学工作者进行研究的最基本的指导原则.它对整个学科的发展起到了巨大的推动作用,并取得了辉煌的成就.但是,以还原论为基础来研究和讨论复杂系统的合作现象时,却遇到了前所未有的挑战,从而使演生论的思想孕育而生,并成为当今物理学研究的重要指导原则.文章详细介绍了凝聚物理学中典型的演生现象的形成和发展的历史过程,主要的研究内容和研究方法,以及所取得的重要进展.     

Kitaev模型与拓扑量子相变

文章通过在一种准一维路径上引入自旋算符的约当-维格纳（Jordan—Wigner）变换，证明了Kitaev自旋模型完全等价于一个不含任何非物理自由度的自由Majorana费米子模型。通过对偶变换，进一步证明了这个系统中存在的量子相变可用非定域的拓扑序参量来描述；并且，这些非定域的拓扑序参量在对偶空间变成为定域的朗道类型的序参量。文章作者的工作揭示了传统的量子相变和拓扑量子相变的内在关系，扩展了朗道二级相变理论的适用范围。     

Noise-Induced Entanglement Transition in One-Dimensional Random Quantum Circuits

A random quantum circuit is a minimally structured model to study entanglement dynamics of many-body quantum systems.We consider a one-dimensional quantum circuit with noisy Haar-random unitary gates using density matrix operator and tensor contraction methods.It is shown that the entanglement evolution of the random quantum circuits is properly characterized by the logarithmic entanglement negativity.By performing exact numerical calculations,we find that,as the physical error rate is decreased...     

Emergence of High-Temperature Superconducting Phase in Pressurized La3Ni2O7 Crystals

The recent report of pressure-induced structural transition and signature of superconductivity with T_c≈80 K above 14 GPa in La₃Ni₂O₇ crystals has garnered considerable attention.To further elaborate this discovery,we carried out comprehensive resistance measurements on La₃Ni₂O₇ crystals grown in an optical-image floating zone furnace under oxygen pressure(15 bar) using a diamond anvil cell(DAC) and cubic anvil cell(CAC)...