纪念陆达同志

近些年来,陆达同志每年总要到我家几次。谈谈有关国内外冶金工业生产和高新技术发展的情况,使我不时了解到一些有关的新的趋势和动向。     

基础研究与工业生产的“亲密接触”——2001年诺贝尔化学奖简介

20 0 1年 1 0月 1 0日 ,瑞典皇家科学院决定将 2 0 0 1年度诺贝尔化学奖授予在催化不对称反应领域做出突出贡献的 3位科学家 :已退休的美国孟山都公司的研究人员威廉·诺尔斯博士、日本名古屋大学的野依良治教授和美国斯克利普斯研究所的巴里·夏普莱斯教授。其中 ,诺尔斯与野依良治由于在催化不对称氢化反应领域的杰出成就而获得总奖金的一半 ,夏普莱斯由于在催化不对称氧化反应领域的出色工作而独享总奖金的另一半。在数学、物理、化学和生物等学科的交叉和融合日益成为科学发展重要特征的今天 ,新千年的第一次化学奖授予上述 3位有机化学…     

基于真实工业生产的化学教学实践——溶解度

分析了“溶解度”实际教学中存在的2个问题：直接给出概念难以让学生真正理解,纯粹的知识性教学难以体现学科知识的价值和意义。提出在“溶解度”教学中融合真实工业生产和活动探究,能帮助学生全面深入地建立概念、理解概念和应用概念,并感悟科学本质和学科价值,以“矿盐”为主题,呈现了融合盐化真实工业生产和活动探究的教学实录,包括矿区采盐、厂区制盐和盐穴利用等3个环节。通过课堂生成分析了教学效果、存在的问题及教学的改进方向等。     

面向21世纪的微电子技术

1 引言 以微电子技术为基础、以计算机技术和现代通信技术为两翼而发展的信息科学技术，作为现代高新技术的先导，在20世纪取得了令世人瞩目的伟大成就；尤其是近30年来，由于信息科学技术的迅速崛起，极大地推动了现代工业生产技术和当代高新技术的发展．今天，信息科学与技术已渗透到国民经济的各个领域和社会生活的每一个角落，从根本上改变了人类社会生活的面貌，成了现代化生产与现代化生活的重要支柱．     

X光机

X射线具有穿透物质不被折射和反射，不受电场、磁场的影响，而按直线传输和按一定规律衰减的特性，已广泛地应用在医疗卫生、工业生产、科学研究、武器研制、国防建设、航天工程等各领域无损探伤、诊断，以达到质量控制的目的；对具有瞬变特性的高速运动现象进行观测和研究。作     

Mono-lacunary PrIII-Polyoxotungstate： Epoxidation of Alkenes with Unusual Selectivity

The utilization of polyoxometalates (POMs) or their derivatives as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts in alkene epoxidation is a subject of considerable research activity[1]. The limitation to the use of POMs in these catalytic reactions is either their relatively low selectivity in epoxide formation or applicability for a rather limited type of alkenes. Therefore, it would be beneficial if the catalysts bear high selectivity for epoxidation and are applicable for a rather wide variety of alkenes, which is desirable in industrial processes and also vital for the selection of an ideal catalyst[2]. In search for an efficient and practical epoxidation method to utilize aqueous H2O2 as terminal oxidant, we focus on the rare-earth complexes with lacunary POM ligands.     

Highly selective ethylbenzene production through alkylation of dilute ethylene with gas phase-liquid phase benzene and transalkylation feed

A novel industrial process was designed for the highly selective production of ethylbenzene.It comprised of a reactor vessel,vapor phase ethylene feed stream,benzene and transalkylation feed stream.Especially the product stream containing ethylbenzene was used to heat the reactor vessel,which consisted of an alkylation section,an upper heat exchange section,and a bottom heat exchange section.In such a novel reactor,vapor phase benzene and liquid phase benzene were coexisted due to the heat produced by isothermal reaction between the upper heat exchange section and the bottom heat exchange section.The process was demonstrated by the thermodynamic analysis and experimental results.In fact,during the 1010 hour-life-test of gas phase ethene with gas phase-liquid phase benzene alkylation reaction,the ethene conversion was above 95%,and the ethylbenzene selectivity was above 83% (only benzene feed) and even higher than 99% (benzene plus transalkylation feed).At the same time,the xylene content in the ethylbenzene was less than 100 ppm when the reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions of 140-185℃ of temperature,1.6-2.1 MPa of pressure,3.0-5.5 of benzene/ethylene mole ratio,4-6 v% of transalkylation feed/(benzene+transalkylation feed),0.19-0.27 h-1 of ethene space velocity,and 1000 g of 3998 catalyst loaded.Thus,compared with the conventional ethylbenzene synthesis route,the transalkylation reactor could be omitted in this novel Industrial process.     

反相高效液相色谱法分离和测定富马酸

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定富马酸,在μ－Ｂｏｎｄａｐａｒｋ ｃ１８色谱柱上以含０．５％乙酸的水溶作为 劝相能较好地分离富马酸和马来酸试样,当其流速为１．０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ时,富马酸与马来酸的分离因子的分离度达１．５２。该方法操作简便、快速定量准确、可靠。     

纪念陆达同志

近些年来,陆达同志每年总要到我家几次,谈谈有关国内外冶金工业生产和高新技术发展的情况,使我不时了解到一些有关的新的趋势和动向。