X射线荧光光谱法测定钾长石、钠长石中多种元素

采用熔融制样,以钾长石、钠长石国家标准样品为主,辅以粘土、炉渣、硅石等标准样品,配制成一系列校准标准样品,用X射线荧光光谱法测定钾长石和钠长石中的Na2O、Al2O3、SiO2、K2O、CaO、Fe2O3、TiO2的含量,结果表明:方法的相对标准偏差为0.065%～2.9%,其测定结果与标准值基本一致,准确度好,可替代湿法化学分析,适合于长石类硅铝酸盐矿物的日常分析。     

Structural investigation of KxBa1−xGa2−xGe2+xO8 solid solutions using the X-ray Rietveld method

The K_xBa_1−xGa_2−xGe_2+xO₈ (x=0.6−1.0) solid solutions undergo a structural phase transition that has a significant effect on their sintering behavior and their microwave dielectric properties. The crystal structures of both phases within the solid-solution region were determined by the Rietveld method using powder X-ray diffraction data. We found that the low-temperature-stable phase is isostructural with the pseudo-orthorhombic KGaGe₃O₈ (space group P2₁/a), while the high-temperature-stable phase has a typical monoclinic feldspar structure (space group C2/m). Due to the topological differences between the two structures, the T-O bonds within the tetrahedra must be partially recombined to make a new framework, which causes an endothermic effect during the P2₁/a to C2/m phase transition. The correlation between the crystal structures, the microwave dielectric properties and the phase-transition behaviors were discussed in terms of the crystallographic features, the lattice parameters, and the strain-induced anisotropic peak-broadening.     

Pulsed cathodoluminescence of feldspars

We have studied the spectral and kinetic characteristics of pulsed cathodoluminescence of feldspars (albite, microcline, amazonite) in the time range 10⁻⁸–10⁻² sec and the temperature range 28–300 K. We have shown that the bands in the UV region of the spectrum (5.39, 4.35, and 3.75 eV) are due to intrinsic luminescence of the crystals. The ratio of the intensities of these bands characterizes the phase composition of the mineral: in the luminescence spectra of microcline, for all temperatures the 4.35 eV band dominates; in the pulsed cathodoluminescence spectra of albite, the bands at 3.75 eV (at 300 K) and 5.39 eV (at 28 K) dominate. The parameters of the luminescence decay kinetics for the impurity ions Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ are more sensitive to local perturbations of the lattice structure than the position of the emission band maximum, and can be an effective indicator of the origin of the mineral. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 339–343, May–June, 2006.     

离子交换法从钾长石提钾

我国非水溶性含钾岩石储量丰富 ,其中钾长石矿总量达百亿吨[1 ] 。国内开展钾长石提钾的研究工作由来已久 ,对机理方面的研究较少。郭峰等[2 ] 对炭还原高炉冶炼钾长石进行过热力学分析和动力学研究 ;邱龙会等[3,4] 对钾长石体系热分解进行了热力学分析与计算 ,并对钾长石 石膏 碳酸钙体系加入硫酸钠时的热分解反应动力学进行了实验研究。本文研究了温度、添加剂对钾长石中钾离子交换度的影响 ,对原矿焙烧前后及与添加剂共焙烧后的水不溶物进行了物相分析 ,实验结果与理论推测皆表明 ,添加剂与钾长石共烧结提钾机理为离子交换反应 ,并得出…     

新型铝硅酸盐磷光体的结构及性能研究

以凝胶燃烧法在相对较低温度下合成了长石型的蓝白色长余辉材料Sr0.94Al2Si2O8:Eu2+0.02,Dy3+0.04,并用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、荧光分光光度计(FL)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术对样品的物相结构、光谱性质、微观形貌及粒度等进行了分析表征.结果发现:尿素用量、点火温度、还原温度及时间、冷却方式等工艺条件均直接影响样品的晶体结构,进而影响其发光性质.长余辉性能最佳时产物属于六方晶系及单斜晶系的混晶;其激发峰是位于290～400nm处的宽带峰;发射峰是位于380～520nm处的宽带峰,由两个发光中心构成,390nm处的发射峰归属于Dy3+的 4H21/2→6H15/2跃迁,440nm处的发射峰归属于Eu2+的4f65d1→4f7跃迁.结合XRD分析,我们认为两种发光中心是由于样品中包含两种晶型,且两种晶型的发射中心不同,六方晶系的发射中心以Dy3+为主,而单斜晶系的发射中心以Eu2+为主.1200℃还原1h后强制冷却所得样品的颗粒较细,一次粒径大约为0.5μm.     

钙长石对刚玉-莫来石质陶粒支撑剂结构及性能的影响

以二级铝矾土为主要原料,通过添加不同含量的长石在1350 ℃烧结温度下制备了高强度的刚玉-莫来石质陶粒支撑剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微分析(SEM)对陶粒的物相组成及显微形貌进行表征.结果表明,所制备陶粒支撑剂的物相成组为刚玉和莫来石,而且发现随着长石添加量的逐步增加,可以明显促进莫来石的形核过程,并抑制其进一步长大.当长石添加量为8wt;时,所制备的陶粒支撑剂体积密度为1.72 g/cm3,在52 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率为3.2;,酸溶度为5.0;,满足油气开采行业的要求.     

发光材料BaAl2Si2O8∶Eu2+的物相结构与发光性能

A phosphor, Ba_0.97Al₂Si₂O₈∶Eu²⁺, was synthesized by high temperature solid-phase method at different temperatures. The samples were characterized by TG/DTA, XRD and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the main phase for host of these luminescence materials is barium feldspar BaAl₂Si₂O₈∶Eu²⁺ and there is a transition from hexagonal crystal system to monoclinic crystal system in the process of the sintering of barium feldspar. The luminescent phenomen of barium feldspar with hexagonal structure can not be observed under the excitation of ultraviolet lamp of 365 nm while the barium feldspar with monoclinic structure has excellent luminescence properties. The excitation spectra of all these samples show broad band spectra ranging from 250～390 nm with peak at λ_ex of 357 nm,which indicates that these samples can be effectively excited by near ultraviolet ; the emission spectra range from 380～600 nm with peak at λ_em of 433 nm. The luminescent intensity increases then decreases with the concentration of doping Eu²⁺ ions. When the concentration of dopants is 2.5mol%, the luminescent intensity reaches the maximum value. When the concentration of Eu²⁺ ions changes from 0.5mol% to 2.5mol%, the emission peak has a red shift from 427 nm to 440 nm.