Discrete storage processes and their Poisson flow and fluid flow approximations

Consider discrete storage processes that are modulated by environmental processes. Environmental processes cause interruptions in the input and/or output processes of the discrete storage processes. Due to the difficulties encountered in the exact analysis of such discrete storage systems, often Poisson flow and/or fluid flow models with the same modulating environmental processes are proposed as approximations for these systems. The analysis of Poisson flow and fluid flow models is much easier than that of the discrete storage processes. In this paper we give sufficient conditions under which the content of the discrete storage processes can be bounded by the Poisson flow and the fluid flow models. For example, we show that Poisson flow models and the fluid flow models developed by Kosten (and by Anick, Mitra and Sondhi) can be used to bound the performance of infinite (finite) source packetized voice/data communication systems. We also show that a Poisson flow model and the fluid flow model developed by Mitra can be used to bound the buffer content of a two stage automatic transfer line. The potential use of the bounding techniques presented in this paper, of course, transcends well beyond these examples.Supported in part by NSF grant DMS-9308149.     

微机控制离子色谱仪自动操作与数据处理系统

用转换器和ＩＢＭＰＣ／ＸＴ微机与Ｄｉｏｎｅｘ２０２０ｉ型离子色谱仪连接组成自动控制与数据处理系统，转换器由８０３１及８２５５等芯片组成，其功能是采集数据和转送数据，软件由汇编及Ｃ语言编制。这套新系统增加了注入／记录同步，分级梯度淋洗，自动连续进样等功能以及很强的数据处理能力。     

Automatic Headspace Sampling for Determination of Ethylene Dibromide Residues in Cereals

Abstract

The possibility was investigated to apply a commercially available automatic head-space sampler in trace analysis of ethylene dibromide (EDB, 1,2-dibromoethane), in cereals.

Samples of rice and wheat flour were thermostatted in closed vials at 70[ddot]C for 30min. The top gas was then automatically introduced into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Quantitation was performed using external standards (untreated samples spiked with solutions of EDB in N,N′-dimethylacetamide).

The relative standard deviation of the method was 3.4% for rice and 4.5% for wheat flour, at a residue level of 0.008 mg/kg. The detection limit was 0.001 mg/kg (the official EC residue tolerance is 0.01 mg/kg).

Preliminary experiments with other fumigants were carried out as well.

The headspace technique in question has the following advantages over other methods for determining EDB residues in cereals: 1. No sample pre-treatment like extraction, steam distillation, purge and trap etc.; 2. Automated sample handling; 3. “Clean” chromatograms.     

Automated chemical resonance generation and structure filtration for kinetic modeling

This work discusses efficient and automated methods for constructing a set of representative resonance structures for arbitrary chemical species, including radicals and biradicals, consisting of the elements H, C, O, N, and S. Determining the representative reactive structures of chemical species is crucial for identification of reactive sites and consequently applying the correct reaction templates to generate the set of important reactions during automated chemical kinetic model generation. We describe a fundamental set of resonance pathway types, accounting for simple resonating structures, as well as global approaches for polycyclic aromatic species. Automatically discovering potential localized structures along with filtration to identify the representative structures was shown to be robust and relatively fast. The algorithms discussed here were recently implemented in the Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) software. The final structures proposed by this method were found to be in reasonable agreement with quantum chemical computation results of localized structure contributions to the resonance hybrid.     

Detailed experimental and kinetic modeling study of 3-carene pyrolysis

3-Carene is an important potential biofuel with properties similar to the jet-propellant JP-10. Its thermal decomposition and combustion behavior is to date unknown, which is essential to assess its quality as a fuel. A combined experimental and kinetic modeling study has been conducted to understand the initial decomposition of 3-carene. The pyrolysis of 3-carene was investigated in a jet-stirred quartz reactor at atmospheric pressure, at temperatures varying from 650 to 1050 K, covering the complete conversion range. The decomposition of 3-carene was observed to start around 800 K, and it is almost complete at 970 K. Online gas chromatography shows that primarily aromatics are generated which suggests that 3-carene is not a good fuel candidate. The potential energy surface for the initial decomposition pathways determined by KinBot shows that a hydrogen elimination reaction dominates, giving primarily cara-2,4-diene. Next to this molecular pathway, radical pathways lead to aromatics via ring opening. The kinetic model was automatically generated with Genesys and consists of 2565 species and 9331 reactions. New quantum chemical calculations at the CBS-QB3 level of theory were needed to calculate rate coefficients and thermodynamic properties relevant for the primary decomposition of 3-carene. Both the conversion of 3-carene and the yields of the primary products (ie, benzene and hydrogen gas) are well predicted with this kinetic model. Rate of production analyses shows that the dominant pathways to convert 3-carene are hydrogen elimination reaction and radical chemistry.     

自动石墨消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定左氧氟沙星胶囊中7种金属元素

建立自动石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定左氧氟沙星胶囊中铅、铬、砷、镉、锡、铝、铁7种金属元素含量的方法。以HNO3-H2O2()体积比为1∶1为消解体系,采用自动石墨消解法消解左氧氟沙星胶囊样品,消解液除酸后,用5%硝酸溶液定容至50 mL,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对消解液进行测定,以内标法定量。铅、铬、砷、镉、锡、铝、铁的质量浓度在0.05~20.0μg/mL范围内与质谱响应值成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.119~1.323μg/kg。样品加标回收率为91.2%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.67%~3.46%(n=6)。该方法样品前处理简单,检出限低,测定结果准确,适用于左氧氟沙星胶囊等沙星类抗生素中多种金属元素残留的测定。     

Experimental Evaluation of the Additive Compounds Performance on Asphaltene Precipitation Using Automatic Titration Method

The use of soluble amphiphiles oil types provide the most practical and economical solution for crude oil treatment in order to control the asphaltene precipitation phenomenon. In this article, the inhibition performance of a number of new chemical additives to asphaltene precipitation is examined on two types of Iranian crude oil. An automatic titration method is used in experimental evaluation. The vegetable oil types (hazelnut, wheat germ, and walnut), organic acids (oleic and linoleic) and chemical additives (4-dodecylresorcinol and benzyl alcohol) displayed the highest capacity to inhibit asphaltene precipitation. A remarkable onset displacement is displayed by dodecyl resorcinol. The results also revealed that the vegetable oil have high potential in delaying asphaltene precipitation.     

自动电位滴定法测定冷轧薄板酸洗液中总酸度

自动电位滴定法测定酸液中总酸度具有简单、快捷、不受其他元素干扰等优点。用硫代硫酸钠掩蔽铁离子,利用自动电位滴定仪测定冷轧薄板酸洗液的总酸度(以盐酸量计)。当电位突变达30mV以上时,仪器自动判定滴定终点。自动电位滴定法测定冷轧薄板酸洗液中总酸度结果与酸碱中和滴定方法具有较好的一致性。相对标准偏差小于0.6%,能够满足生产检验的要求。     

基于CAN总线的某型数字化战车自动测试系统设计

针对现代数字化战车电气与电子系统技术复杂、各分系统关联程度高、维修保障困难等问题,设计了一种基于CAN总线的数字化战车自动测试系统;整体设计基于模块化思想,充分利用车载备用总线,综合运用了DSP+FPGA控制处理技术、AFPN智能故障诊断技术,能够对车载电气与电子系统进行分系统独立测试和全系统联合检测,具有快速故障定位能力和拓扑适应能力;采用适配器与上位机测试软件的分体式设计,实现了平台物理资源复用。应用表明,该系统能够较好的适用于现代数字化战车的维修保障,使用方便,故障诊断快速有效。     

全自动红外吸收光谱法测定硫化矿矿石中全硫量

近年来,随着全自动红外测硫仪的快速发展,仪器性能的升级优化,加之对固体矿物质种类和高硫含量检测技术有了新的技术突破。因此将全自动红外测硫仪应用于硫化矿矿石中全硫量的测定,采用国家硫矿石标准样品中不同段的硫含量(标准值),建立标准工作曲线,再结合实际样品校正该曲线,建立了一种用全自动红外吸收光谱法测定硫化矿矿石中全硫量的检测方法。方法的主要特点是包括样品称量在内的整个测试过程由计算机控制自动完成,自动化程度极高,分析时间短,结果准确、可靠。选取当地不同矿物特性的8个样品,测定的相对标准偏差RSD(n=11)均小于2.5%,样品加标回收率为86.2%~117%,与化学法(空气或氧气燃烧-碘量法)测定结果对照,测定结果都在允许误差范围内,完全能够满足日常硫化矿矿石中全硫含量的检测要求。