二氧化碳甲烷化催化剂研究Ⅱ.制备条件及助剂对催化剂性能的影响

二氧化碳甲烷化催化剂研究Ⅱ．制备条件及助剂对催化剂性能的影响江琦１邓国才２陈荣悌２黄仲涛１（１华南理工大学化学工程系，广州５１０６４１；２南开大学化学系，天津３０００７１）关键词二氧化碳，甲烷化，金属催化剂，担载型催化剂，制备，助催化剂无机氧化物担载...     

二氧化碳甲烷化Ni－Ru－稀土／ZrO_2催化剂的活性研究

用浸渍法制备了一系列的Ｎｉ－Ｒｕ稀土／ＺｒＯ_２三组份担载型二氧化碳甲烷化催化剂，并利用固定床反应器对其催化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，添加稀土后的三组份催化剂具有较高的催化活性，含稀土催化剂的活性与稀土离子的４ｆ电子数有关，稀土元素的磁性对催化剂性能有一定影响，不同催化剂的反应表观活化能大小次序与催化剂活性次序相符。     

Optimization of structured cellular foam-based catalysts for low-temperature carbon dioxide methanation in a platelet milli-reactor

Here, we present a preliminary study to choose a catalyst with enough catalytic activity at temperatures below 250 °C, in order to study heat transfer in a platelet milli-reactor (PMR) with an infrared camera and a commercial window inserted on the top of our reactor that only withstands a maximal temperature of 250 °C. The higher methane productivity of foam catalysts compared to powder catalysts was revealed. Foam catalysts, all impregnated with the same amount of active phase (Ni + Ru) and with different coatings, were compared to SiC only impregnated with Ni + Ru. The different coatings studied were: carbon nanofibers (CNF), ceria–zirconia (CZ) and the combination of both. Both CNF and CZ washcoats were able to increase the low specific surface area of the SiC foam. Moreover, the presence of ceria–zirconia was proven to be essential for ensuring high methane productivities. The catalyst combining both CNF and CZ showed the best results.     

二氧化碳甲烷化催化剂研究 Ⅲ.Ni-Ru-稀土/ZrO_2作用下的催化反应机理

用漫反射傅里叶红外光谱法研究了Ｎｉ－Ｒｕ－稀土／ＺｒＯ２多组分催化体系作用下的二氧化碳甲烷化反应机理．结果表明，碳酸根、甲酸根和一氧化碳是催化剂表面可以检出的吸附物种，其中表面的含氧酸根类物种是催化反应的主要中间物．二氧化碳通过与载体表面羟基的作用转化为含氧酸根类物种吸附于催化剂表面，并进一步氢解为甲烷．反应中生成的少量一氧化碳可能来源于表面含氧酸根氢解为甲烷的副反应．含不同稀土的多组分催化剂作用下的二氧化碳甲烷化过程有相同的反应机理．     

助催化剂Sm2O3对甲烷化镍催化剂的作用

金属镍催化剂广泛地应用于石油、化肥等工业.八十代初,人们发现稀土氧化物能有效地提高甲烷化镍催化剂性能,并加强了对其添加效应以及作用机理的研究.但此类报道主要集中于La_2O_3、CeO_2等,而对其它稀土氧化物报道甚少.本文采用XRD、TEM、XPS和TPSR等手段,探讨了添加Sm_2O_3对甲烷化镍催化剂的作用,并比较了2种浸渍法所产生的结果.     

二氧化碳加氢甲烷化单组分担载型金属催化剂表面漫反射紫外可见光谱研究

本文通过对二氧化碳加氢甲烷化单组分担载型金属催化剂表面漫反射紫外可见光谱解析，揭示了载体上离子存在形态、活性组分与载体相互作用结果对催化剂活性的影响．制备催化剂焙烧温度、金属担载量和浸渍方式不同，谱信息的变化能为催化剂活性改变提供判据．     

等离子体还原催化剂在CO2甲烷化反应中的活性

采用浸渍法和原位生长水滑石法制备了Ni-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃和Ni-Ce-LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃ 2种不同类型的催化剂前驱体, 考察了2种前驱体分别经氩-氢等离子体和常规氢热方法还原所得催化剂在CO₂甲烷化反应中的活性. 结果表明, 等离子体还原催化剂的低温活性明显高于常规氢热还原催化剂, 主要表现为前者反应启动的临界温度点比后者低20~30 ℃. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对所得催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 等离子体还原催化剂具有较小的活性组分粒径、 较高的活性组分分散度以及较高的表面碱性, 这些特性有利于催化剂活性位对CO₂的化学吸附, 使其在甲烷化反应中表现出较好的低温活性.     

Ni-W Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous SBA-15: Trace W Steering CO2 Methanation

Aseries of Ni-W catalysts supported on mesoporous SBA-15 with different Ni:W ratios(Ni_xW/SBA-15, Ni-5%, x=1,10,50) was prepared and fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET), transmission electronic microscopy(TEM), H₂-temperature programmed reduction(H₂-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). High-resolution TEM images, XPS measurements, H₂-TPR experiments coupled with PXRD results determined the evolution of Ni and W species. It is found that a trace amount of W from H₂WO₄ can significantly improve Ni dispersion on SBA-15 (Ni₅₀W/SBA-15) with Ni⁰ andnon-stoichiometric WO_x species as small as ca. 3.6 nm. The prepared Ni_xW/SBA-15 was utilized for CO₂ hydrogenation, which showed that a higher W content restrained the CO₂ hydrogenation while a lower W ratio promoted both conversion rate and selectivity for methane compared with Ni/SBA-15. The Ni₅₀W/SBA-15 catalyst showed the best performance with a 93.3% CO₂ conversion rate and 99.7% selectivity for methane at 400 ^oC under 0.1 MPa and maintained ca. 97% initial performance for 24 h. Tracking product evolution experiments by in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectrascopy(FTIR) indicated that a small amount of W can modify the surface of Ni particles by geometric coverage and electronic modification, which facilitates the adsorption of the CO intermedia and results in the formation of CH₄. This work provides a new clue to fabricating efficient CO₂ conversion bimetallic materials.     

La2O3对Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂CO和CO2甲烷化的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｌａ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂并测定了催化剂的ＣＯ和ＣＯ２甲 化活性采用ＴＥＭ,ＸＰＳ和ＣＯ化学吸附等手段研究了表面性质。结果表明,Ｌａ２Ｏ３的咖入提高了Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ／γ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的ＣＯ和ＣＯ２甲烷化活性,增加了催化剂中Ｎｉ的分散度,活性表面积及催化剂表面Ｎｉ原子的浓度,降低了电子结合能。