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81.
Lau Cher Hon Cervini Raoul Clarke Stephen R. Markovic Milena Ginic Matisons Janis G. Hawkins Stephen C. Huynh Chi P. Simon George P. 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2008,10(1):77-85
Nanosized powders of Ti-Nb oxide core-shell nanocrystals with atomic ratios of Nb/Ti = 0.11, 0.25, and 0.38 have been prepared
by two preparation routes. The first route was co-precipitation, followed by␣annealing, using NbCl5 as a source of Nb. The second route was coating of pure TiO2 nanocrystals by Nb-isopropoxide in liquid medium, followed by impregnation of the Nb into the nanoparticles by annealing.
Both methods yielded anatase nanocrystals with a Nb-rich shell and a core, which had much lower Nb loadings. The anatase structure
solid solution (with Nb incorporated) was stable under annealing up to 760°C. The particle size remained within the nanometric
scale (<50 nm) under heat-treatment up to 760°C. It has been shown that the fabricated powders can be redispersed in aqueous media
by simple ultrasound treatment, resulting in nanosized dispersions. Using a variety of analytical techniques, including depth
profiling of single nanocrystallites by AES combined with sputtering by Ar ions, the mechanism of the core-shell structure
creation was studied. It is proposed that the formation of the core-shell structure is governed by solubility limitations
in the co-precipitation route and by solubility and diffusion limitations in the coating-incorporation route. 相似文献
82.
A wide variety of gas phase ions with kinetic energies from 1–107 eV increasingly are being used for the growth and modification of state-of-the-art material interfaces. Ions can be used to deposit thin films; expose fresh interfaces by sputtering; grow mixed interface layers from ions, ambient neutrals, and/or surface atoms; modify the phases of interfaces; dope trace elements into interface regions; impart specific chemical functionalities to a surface; toughen materials; and create micron- and nanometer-scale interface structures. Several examples are developed which demonstrate the variety of technologically important interface modification that is possible with gas phase ions. These examples have been selected to demonstrate how the choice of the ion and its kinetic energy controls modification and deposition for several different materials. Examples are drawn from experiments, computer simulations, fundamental research, and active technological applications. Finally, a list of research areas is provided for which ion–surface modification promises considerable scientific and technological advances in the new millennium. 相似文献
83.
84.
提出了一种测定YBCO(YBa2Cu3O7-x)高温超导薄膜湿法腐蚀启动时长的红外热像新方法。该方法的实质是利用YBCO腐蚀时必然有化学热吸收或释放,从而引起YBCO表面液膜温度变化这一特点,通过红外热像实时监测系统,采集液膜温度变化过程的红外热像,从而判断反应启动时长。理论分析和实验结果均表明,YBCO表面2 mm宽线性液膜是较为理想的监测对象,因其同时具备温度变化信息和空间分布信息,可以将线性液膜中心作为理想的观测特征点;由滑动腐蚀液滴形成残留线性液膜具有温度变化灵敏度高的特点,YBCO(衬底为LaAlO3)竖直放置,可以表面避免液膜重力对启动时长的影响,获得更为准确的监测数据。由线性液膜的横向剖面灰度变化得到在本实验条件下YBCO薄膜与体积比H3PO4∶H2O=1∶300腐蚀液的反应启动时长介于0.3~0.4 s之间。 相似文献
85.
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87.
采用电化学刻蚀方法,成功制备出单尖的六硼化镧、钼、钨及钨铼合金场发射冷阴极尖锥,并对这几种场发射单尖锥阴极的电子发射性能进行了测试比较.结果表明,LaB6作为场发射阴极,具有良好的发射性能和稳定性.在〈111〉面单晶LaB6基片上,用PECVD法沉积非晶硅作掩膜,制备出具有一定高度的LaB6微尖锥场发射阵列,结果发现,LaB6基底较为平整,尖锥阵列呈现出各向异性.该结论对LaB6材料在场发射阴极方面的进一步研究具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
88.
89.
Heavy tailed durations of regional rainfall 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Durations of rain events and drought events over a given region provide important information about the water resources of
the region. Of particular interest is the shape of upper tails of the probability distributions of such durations. Recent
research suggests that the underlying probability distributions of such durations have heavy tails of hyperbolic type, across
a wide range of spatial scales from 2 km to 120 km. These findings are based on radar measurements of spatially averaged rain
rate (SARR) over a tropical oceanic region. The present work performs a nonparametric inference on the Pareto tail-index of
wet and dry durations at each of those spatial scales, based on the same data, and compares it with conclusions based on the
classical Hill estimator. The results are compared and discussed.
The authors express sincere thanks to the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach (MFO) for facilitating their collaboration
under a “Research in Pairs” project hosted at MFO during March 5–25, 2006. The research of the second and third authors was supported by the project
LC06024. 相似文献
90.
Self‐excited oscillation can be induced due to the interaction between condensation process and local transonic condition in condensing flow, which is an important problem in wet steam turbine. With an Eulerian/Eulerian numerical model, the self‐excited oscillation of wet steam flow is investigated in a supersonic turbine cascade. Owing to supercritical heat addition to the subsonic flow in the convergent part of the cascade, the oscillation frequency decreases with increased inlet supercooling. Mass flow rate increases in the oscillating flow due to the greater supersaturation in condensation process, while the increase will be suppressed with the flow oscillation. Higher inlet supercooling leads to the fact that the condensation process moves upstream and the loss increases. Moreover, some predictions of oscillation effects on outflow angle and aerodynamic force are also presented. Finally, heterogeneous condensations with inlet wetness and periodic inlet conditions, as a result of the interference between stator and rotor, are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献