碱熔-ICP-AES测定电镀废弃物中的镍

采用过氧化钠分解试样,盐酸浸取,通过仪器参数的优化、共存元素干扰等实验,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定电镀废弃物中镍含量的方法。方法的测定范围ω(Ni)1.00%~10.00%。经加标回收实验,镍元素的加标回收率为99.0%~107%(n=3),方法准确可靠,完全能够满足此类物料中镍含量的检验工作。     

显微镜鉴别有色金属矿产品的固体废物属性

为探索有色金属矿产品与冶炼渣的微观形貌特征差异,本文采用超景深显微镜结合扫描电镜,分析有色金属矿产品微观形貌和成分组成,观察有色金属矿产品在超景深显微镜下的矿物特有的金属光泽、晶体外观,结合扫描电子显微镜手段,表征有色矿产品共生矿物情况,比对冶炼渣的无金属光泽的微观特征及非天然矿物的组成成分,实现有色金属矿产品与冶炼渣的区分,为有色金属矿产品的固体废物属性鉴别提供参考。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧产物中二噁英检测方法

为研究城市生活垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英污染检测问题,介绍了垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英类的生成机理及其检测方法。色谱法、免疫法、生物法、激光质谱法是目前检测二噁英类的主要手段,其中高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱（HRGC-HRMS）法、虫荧光素酶报告基因（CALUX）法及酶免役分析（EIA）法等在实践中取得了很好的检测效果,但各种方法适应范围有很大差别。色谱法可有效分离各种二噁英类成分,但对仪器精度和操作水平要求较高,测试周期较长,费用较高,适于准确对各种成分定量检测,不需计算总量的场合;生物法测试周期短,可平行测试大量样品,适于快速、大规模样品的筛选,但只能测定总毒性当量;激光质谱法具有高选择性、高灵敏度、多组分测定、可实现在线检测等优势,但需要预先了解污染物的光谱结构。     

高灰煤小型流化床混合气催化气化研究

在内径28mm流化床中,对阳泉高灰煤在碱性催化剂（固碱和黏胶废碱液）作用下进行了混合气（空气/水蒸气）催化气化研究,两种碱性催化剂的适宜添加量均为6％。不加催化剂,气化温度830℃~900℃与900℃～920℃下,气化反应的表观反应级数n分别约为2/3与1/3;有催化剂（3％固碱）时,表观反应级数有两个明显的温度段,在830℃~860℃,催化气化的表观反应级数n=1;在860℃~920℃,催化气化的表观反应级数为n=1/3。     

碱性条件下废轮胎真空热裂解研究

研究了废轮胎橡胶粉在450℃～600℃真空热解系统中热解的特性,以及温度和添加Na2CO3、NaOH对热解气液态产物的影响。实验表明,真空下废轮胎热解油收率在550℃时达到最大值,为48%左右。添加3%的NaOH能明显促进废轮胎橡胶热解,480 ℃时油产率达到最大值49.66%,随后随着温度的升高油产率呈现下降趋势。添加3%的Na2CO3对热解的促进作用不明显。热解气体产物主要有H2、CO、CH4、CO2、C2H4、C2H6以及少量其他化合物。NaOH的加入使气体产品中的H2相对体积分数明显增加,而CH4、CO、C2等的体积分数降低。通过GC和GC-MS分析热解石脑油发现,热解油品中含有11%以上的柠檬油精。     

Simultaneous Determination of Haloacetic Acids in Environmental Waters using Electrospray Ionization Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Negative ionization electrospray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of all nine haloacetic acids containing bromine and chlorine. Haloacetic acids were separated on a crosslinked polystyrene resin column using 3% acetic acid dissolved in acetonitrile:water (20:80) as mobile phase. The precision of this method varied from ±2.2 to ±7.1% for nine haloacetic acids. In addition, quantitative results obtained with spiked water samples at three different concentrations are described. The limit of detection of the proposed method using 200 mL of water samples was between 0.003 and 0.070 μg/L. This method was successfully applied to the trace determination of haloacetic acids in waste water, river water, and seawater.     

Assessing the Role of Digital Awareness in Promoting Polymer-Based Sustainability

The plastic waste crisis is a major environmental challenge facing the world today. The overuse and improper disposal of plastic materials have caused significant damage to the environment, affecting the health of both humans and animals. The adoption of sustainable alternatives to plastic, such as polymer-based materials, is crucial to addressing this issue. In the Indian context, polymer-based sustainability has created new growth potential for the packaging sector. This study has improved consumer behavior and raised income by gaining an understanding of and access to customers' digital awareness of polymer-based sustainability. In addition to its role in communication and attracting consumer attention, packaging must align with modern environmental standards for preservation methods to meet the growing consumer demand for eco-friendly products and environmentally conscious companies. In keeping with the objectives, this paper employs a method for analyzing current research on the influence of polymer-based sustainability esthetics on consumer behavior. The research design is quantitative. The model of the literature review is used to develop the structured questionnaire. The results show that digital awareness significantly influences consumer perceptions of polymer-based sustainability. The study recommends that manufacturers of polymer-based materials invest in digital awareness campaigns to increase consumer acceptance and promote sustainability.     

箬叶水溶性多糖的色谱研究

采用纸色谱和气相色谱法研究了从湖北恩施地区生长的箬竹叶中分离纯化的水溶性多糖的单糖组成。在纸色谱分析中,探讨了四种溶剂系统和三种显色剂体系在单糖定性鉴定中的应用,发现展开剂正丁醇∶吡啶∶水（６∶４∶３）和显色剂苯胺－邻苯二甲酸分离效果最好,并可区分五碳和六碳糖。气相色谱分析采用武汉大学研制的开链冠醚为固定相,结果表明其单糖组成为鼠李糖：１４％,岩藻糖：５３％,甘露糖：１２％,葡萄糖：８％,半乳糖：１３％,与文献报道的日本竹叶多糖极不相同。     

The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds

Citrus fruits (CF) are among the most widely cultivated fruit crops throughout the world and their production is constantly increasing along with consumers’ demand. Therefore, huge amounts of waste are annually generated through CF processing, causing high costs for their disposal, as well as environmental and human health damage, if inappropriately performed. According to the most recent indications of an economic, environmental and pharmaceutical nature, CF processing residues must be transformed from a waste to be disposed to a valuable resource to be reused. Based on a circular economy model, CF residues (i.e., seeds, exhausted peel, pressed pulp, secondary juice and leaves) have increasingly been re-evaluated to also obtain, but not limited to, valuable compounds to be employed in the food, packaging, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the use of CF by-products is still limited because of their underestimated nutritional and economic value, hence more awareness and knowledge are needed to overcome traditional approaches for their disposal. This review summarizes recent evidence on the pharmacological potential of CF waste to support the switch towards a more environmentally sustainable society.     

凝胶色谱法定量分析污水中聚丙烯酰胺

建立了凝胶色谱分析污水中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的方法。采用普通商品水溶性凝胶色谱往,通过变换淋洗剂的作法,消除了非体积排斥效应的影响,实现了定量分析。讨论了紫外检测波长对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺测定结果的影响,检验了油田污水、选矿污水、自来水及盐水体系对结果的影响,并与溴氧比法测定的结果作了比较,所建方法的浓度分析范围为０．１～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ,精度为±２％,检测下限为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ。