Cellulose filter paper immobilized α-glucosidase and its application to screening inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine

In this study, α-glucosidase was successfully immobilized on cellulose filter paper and further applied to screening inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines combined with capillary electrophoresis analysis. For α-glucosidase immobilization, a cellulose filter paper was used as the carrier and grafted with amino groups by coating chitosan, then α-glucosidase was covalently bonded on the amino-modified carrier via epoxy ring-opening reaction using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as the crosslinker. Several parameters influencing the enzyme immobilization were optimized and the optimal values were enzyme concentration of 4 U/mL, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether concentration of 1.25%, chitosan concentration of 7.5 mg/mL, immobilization pH 7.0, crosslinking time of 4 h and immobilization time of 2 h. The immobilized α-glucosidase exhibited good batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 2.1%, n = 5), excellent storage stability (73.5% of its initial activity after being stored at 4°C for 15 days), and reusability (75% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles). The Michaelis constant of immobilized α-glucosidase and half-maximal inhibitory concentration of acarbose were calculated to be 1.12 mM and 0.38 μM, respectively. Finally, the immobilized α-glucosidase was used for screening inhibitors from 14 kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts, and Sanguisorbae Radix showed the strongest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase.     

Polyimidazolyl acetate ionic liquid grafted on cellulose filter paper as thin-film extraction phase for extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water

Recently, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the water environment exhibited potential risks to both human and aquatic organisms. In order to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of pharmaceutical detection, the polyimidazolyl acetate ionic liquid was synthesized by Radziszewski reaction and coated on cellulose filter papers as a thin-film extraction phase for extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water. The attenuated total reflection-infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope analyses demonstrated that the polyimidazolyl acetate ionic liquid was successfully prepared and attached to the surface of the cellulose filter paper through chemical bonding. The adsorption capacity of the homemade thin-film extraction material for the four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was greater than 8898 ng/cm² under the optimum conditions, and the desorption rate was over 90%. Then, a paper-based thin-film extraction phase-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water. This method provided limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.02–0.15 and 0.17–0.50 μg/L, respectively. Hence, the obtained thin-film extraction phase showed excellent recovery and reproducibility for the target non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with carboxyl groups from water.     

A waveguide high-pass filter system for measuring the spectrum of pulsed terahertz sources

We propose a system for measuring spectra of terahertz (THz) pulses, including single pulses, which is based on high-pass filters (HPFs). The system consists of channels for measuring amplitudes of pulses (initial pulses and those transmitted via HPFs with different cutoff frequencies) and an algorithm for processing of the obtained data. The pulse spectrum is restored by using the iteration method or the amplitude–frequency method. The iteration method of spectrum restoration is applicable in the range of THz pulse durations from 10⁻⁹ s to 10⁻⁷ s. The amplitude–frequency method is applicable to THz pulses with durations exceeding 10⁻⁸ s. The system for measuring of THz pulse spectra was simulated by using the characteristics of specially developed waveguide HPFs. The relative simulation error of determining the central frequency by the amplitude–frequency method is equal to 2 · 10⁻⁶ for THz pulse durations of 10⁻⁵ s and longer.     

An evaluation method based on absolute difference to validate the performance of SBNUC algorithms

Scene-based non-uniformity correction (SBNUC) algorithms are an important part of infrared image processing; however, SBNUC algorithms usually cause two defects: (1) ghosting artifacts and (2) over-correction. In this paper, we use the absolute difference based on guided image filter (AD-GF) method to validate the performance of SBNUC algorithms. We obtain a self-separation source using the improved guided image filter to process the input image, and use the self-separation source to obtain the space-high-frequency parts of the input image and the corrected image. Finally, we use the absolute difference between the two space-high-frequency parts as the evaluation result. Based on experimental results, the AD-GF method has better robustness and can validate the performance of SBNUC algorithms even if ghosting artifacts or over-correction occur. Also the AD-GF method can measure how SBNUC algorithms perform in the time domain, it’s an effective evaluation method for SBNUC algorithm.     

Frequency-selective quantitation of short-echo time 1H magnetic resonance spectra

Accurate and efficient filtering techniques are required to suppress large nuisance components present in short-echo time magnetic resonance (MR) spectra. This paper discusses two powerful filtering techniques used in long-echo time MR spectral quantitation, the maximum-phase FIR filter (MP-FIR) and the Hankel-Lanczos Singular Value Decomposition with Partial ReOrthogonalization (HLSVD-PRO), and shows that they can be applied to their more complex short-echo time spectral counterparts. Both filters are validated and compared through extensive simulations. Their properties are discussed. In particular, the capability of MP-FIR for dealing with macromolecular components is emphasized. Although this property does not make a large difference for long-echo time MR spectra, it can be important when quantifying short-echo time spectra.     

基于超声波和云测试的油井液面测试系统研究

针对目前油井液面深度测试系统测量范围小、误差大、稳定性低的缺点,提出了基于声波法测动液面原理,利用时间序列分析技术、新息自适应卡尔曼滤波技术来实时检测回波信号,进而实现对油井液面深度的高精度测量和噪声处理;选用FPGA和云测试技术成功实现了油井液面深度测量系统的远程化和网络化。基于云测试的油井液面远程监测系统目前已在油田生产现场通过测试,测试结果表明,系统稳定,算法实时、高效,动液面深度测量误差小,测量精度高,能满足实际工程应用。     

Marginal filtering in large state spaces

Recognising everyday activities including information about the context requires to handle large state spaces. The usage of wearable sensors like six degree of freedom accelerometers increases complexity even more. Common approaches are unable to maintain an accurate belief state within such complex domains. We show how marginal filtering can overcome limitations of standard particle filtering and efficiently infer the context of actions. Symbolic models of human behaviour are used to recognise activities in two different settings with different state space sizes. Based on these scenarios we compare the marginal filter to the standard particle filter. An evaluation shows that the marginal filter performs comparably in small state spaces but outperforms the particle filter in large state spaces.     

Exact Finite-Dimensional Filter for Exponential Functionals of the State of Beneš Systems

The purpose of this article is to derive finite-dimensional filters for exponential functionals of the state of nonlinear Bene? type filtering systems with correlated noises. These new filters can be applied in the state reconstruction of doubly–stochastic auto–regressive processes.     

Low power Electro-optical filter: Constructed using silicon nanobeam resonator and PIN junction

In this paper, a high tunable Electro-optical filter is designed and simulated with low electric power consumption. A silicon nanobeam resonator based on one-dimensional photonic crystal in the form of Fabry–Perot structure, silicon-on-insulator waveguide, is proposed with a PIN junction. In designing nanobeam resonator, “deterministic design method” is used to achieve the high quality factor and high-transmission rate. Tuning of the resonant wavelength in the output channel of the filter is achieved by manipulating the refractive index of the active area by using the free-carrier dispersion effect. The output wavelengths of designed device can be tuned for the telecom-friendly 1.55 µm range. The device shows a wavelength shift higher than 3 nm for a power consumption of only 0.9 mW. Finally, the simulation results show that the provided device can be considered as a narrowband and tunable Electro-optical filter that is suitable for DWDM communication system.     

Analysis of electron energy distribution function in a magnetically filtered complex plasma

The electron energy distribution function (EEDF) for a magnetically filtered dusty plasma is studied in a dusty double plasma device where the electron energy can be varied from 0.15 eV to ～ 2.8 eV and plasma density from 10 6 cm-3 to 10 9cm-3 . The characteristics of EEDF for these ranges of plasma parameters are investigated in a pristine plasma as well as in a dusty plasma. The results show that in the presence of dust, there is a drastic modification in EEDF patterns in a plasma with higher electron temperature and density than those in a low temperature and low density plasma produced by the magnetic filter.