Progress on phthalocyanine-conjugated Ag and Au nanoparticles: Synthesis,characterization, and photo-physicochemical properties

Phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are an important class of dyes with numerous (e.g., biological, photophysical, and analytical) applications. Among the methods used to improve the properties of these complexes, one should mention the introduction of different substituents, variation of the central metal ion, ligand exchange, and conjugation to nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles (NPs)). This work briefly reviews Pc complex conjugation to Ag and Au NPs, highlights the different NP shapes, and discusses the diversity of conjugation approaches. Moreover, the use of UV–Vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize Pc-NP hybrids is summarized. The effect of conjugation on Pc photo-physicochemical properties (fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation, triplet state formation, and optical limiting behavior) is discussed, and future perspectives for the synthesis and applications of new hybrids are provided.     

Silicon carbide nanotubes and nanotubular fibers: Synthesis, stability, structure, and classification

Published data on silicon carbide nanotubes (SiC-NT) are analyzed. According to theoretical calculations, single-layer SiC-NTs do not dissociate, but they have not yet been detected experimentally. According to the experimental data, metastable SiC-NTs with walls consisting of several layers and nanotube fibers were produced. The optimized structure of single-layer SiC-NTs was calculated by the RHF/6-31G quantum-chemical method. The possibility of obtaining SiC-NTs by gas-phase chemical deposition from methyltrichlorosilane in the temperature range of 800–1000 °C was investigated. Nanofibers and polygrained SiC nanotubes were obtained, but ordinary layer SiC nanotubes were not detected. To remove the inconsistencies it was first proposed to classify the nanotubes according to the structure of their walls, separating all the SiC-NTs into three types: 1) ordinary layer nanotubes with rolled layers, similar to carbon nanotubes; 2) polynanocrystalline nanotubular fibers or nanotubes with walls consisting of linked differently oriented nanograins; 3) monocrystalline synthetic nanotubes with ideal crystalline walls. It was concluded that the ordinary SiC-NTs of the first type are unstable with the exception of one-or two-layer nanotubes; stable SiC-NTs of the first type and SiC-NTs of the third type have not yet been discovered; only nanotubular fibers of the second type were obtained experimentally. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 3–13, January–February, 2006.     

ICP-AES detection of silicon carbide impurities volatilized in a graphite furnace with the use of carbon tetrachloride vapour

The analytical capability of high-temperature halogenation with carbon tetrachloride vapour in a graphite furnace was investigated for silicon carbide powder with known chemical composition and particle size. Intensity vs heating time curves were determined for analytical lines of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, V and Si constituents, volatilized with and without the presence of CCl₄ vapour in the furnace atmosphere. Igniting 10 mg SiC at 2100 °C for 60 s in chlorinating atmosphere, the evaporated fraction of most of the constituents was higher than 90% (for Al about 50%). The line intensity vs sample mass (4–26 mg) relationships were linear for all impurities studied, while the intensity of silicon line showed a relatively small change with the sample mass. BEC (background equivalent concentration) values for this solid sampling technique (10 mg loaded sample) were 2–20 fold lower than those calculated for the conventional solution sample introduction method.     

Chemically assisted ion beam etching of silicon and silicon dioxide using SF6

A chemical flux of sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) in conjunction with low-energy Ar-ion bombardment has been used for chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE) of silicon and silicon dioxide. The study has shown a large degree of independent control over the selectivity and anisotropy in dry etching. The total etch rate could be controlled by varying either the Ar-ion milling parameters or the chemical flux of SF₆. Etch rate enhancement of 7–8 for silicon and 3–4 for silicon dioxide have been obtained over pure physical etching.     

光学活性含硅氨基酸的合成

光学纯的硅取代氨基酸是一类非天然的手性氨基酸合成子，在药物，植物保护 剂和精细化学品的合成具有极为广阔的应用前景，其合成方法包括化学不对称合成 及化学合成外消旋体－生物学拆分两种，综述了该方面的研究进展。     

SinH/SinH-(n=3～8)的结构和电子亲合能的研究

选用四种不同的密度泛函理论方法(B3LYP，B3P86，BLYP，BP86)，在全电子的双ξ加极化加弥散函数基组(DZP )下，对SinH／SinH^-(n=3～8)体系进行研究，获得它们的基态结构和电子亲合能。预测Si3H／Si3H^-,Si4H／Si4H^-,Si5H／Si5H^-,Si6H／Si6H^-，Si7H／Si7H^-和Si8H／Si8H^-的基态结构分别为C2v(^2B2)／C2v(1^A1)氢桥结构，Cs(^2A’)／C(^1A’)，C2v(^2B2)／C2v(^1A1)，C2v(^2B2或^2B1)／C4v(^1A1)，C5v(^2A1)／C5v(^1A1)和C5(^2A‘‘)／C3v(^1A1)。在电子亲合能方面，B3LYP方法预测的电子亲合能是最可靠的，预测Si3H，Si4H，Si5H，Si6H，Si7H和Si8H的电子亲合能分别为2．56，2．59，2．84，2．86，3．19和3．14eV。     

PtRu纳米线的合成及其在直接甲醇燃料电池阳极中的催化活性

 分别以SBA-15和MCM-41介孔分子筛作模板剂,采用浸渍还原法制备了纵横比及合金度不同的双组元PtRu纳米线和纳米棒电催化剂. 透射电镜、 X射线衍射表征和电化学测试结果表明, PtRu纳米线具有较高的合金度和较大的纵横比,在甲醇硫酸溶液中表现出更好的电催化活性. 初步探讨了PtRu纳米线催化剂的合金度和纵横比对其电催化活性和电极性能的影响.     

pH sensitivity of Si--C linked organic monolayers on crystalline silicon surfaces.

The electrochemical behavior of Si--C linked organic monolayers is studied in electrolyte-insulator-Si devices, under conditions normally encountered in potentiometric biosensors, to gain fundamental knowledge on the behavior of such Si electrodes under practical conditions. This is done via titration experiments, Mott-Schottky data analysis, and data fitting using a site-binding model. The results are compared with those of native SiO(2) layers and native SiO(2) layers modified with hexamethyldisilazane. All samples display pH sensitivity. The number of Si--OH groups on the alkylated samples is calculated to be less than 0.7 % of that of a pure SiO(2) insulator, which still causes a pH sensitivity of approximately 25 mV per pH unit in the pH range: 4-7. The alkylated samples hardly suffer from response changes during up- and down-going titrations, which indicates that very little oxide is additionally formed during the measurements. The pK(a) values of all samples with monolayers (4.0-4.4) are lower than that of native SiO(2) (6.0). The long-term drift (of approximately 1 mV h(-1)) is moderate. The results indicate that biosensors composed of alkylated Si substrates are feasible if a cross-sensitivity towards pH in the sensor signal is taken into account.     

AFM电化学阳极氧化制备二氧化钛纳米线

当材料的微观尺度进入纳米量级后，由于量子效应，材料常常会显现出特殊的性能。因此近年来制备量子点、量子线，以及具有量子效应的量子器件受到深入的研究。一些新的纳米尺度加工技术如原子力显微镜(AFM)微细加工技术受到研究者的重视。     

An expedient preparation of Stryker's reagent

A convenient and efficient preparation of Stryker's reagent, [Ph₃PCuH]₆, under homogeneous conditions using silanes as the reducing agent is detailed. The reaction time can be reduced to 1-2 h, and high yields of Stryker's reagent can be routinely achieved. The same method has been extended to the synthesis of [Ph₃PCuD]₆ using Ph₂SiD₂.