全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1520篇 |
免费 | 452篇 |
国内免费 | 48篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 143篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 63篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
数学 | 387篇 |
物理学 | 1394篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 30篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 117篇 |
2013年 | 85篇 |
2012年 | 80篇 |
2011年 | 123篇 |
2010年 | 79篇 |
2009年 | 90篇 |
2008年 | 119篇 |
2007年 | 111篇 |
2006年 | 119篇 |
2005年 | 105篇 |
2004年 | 100篇 |
2003年 | 77篇 |
2002年 | 111篇 |
2001年 | 61篇 |
2000年 | 76篇 |
1999年 | 51篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2020条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
R. Kumar E. BarriosA. MacRae E. CairnsE.H. Huntington A.I. Lvovsky 《Optics Communications》2012,285(24):5259-5267
We present a comprehensive theory and an easy to follow method for the design and construction of a wideband homodyne detector for time-domain quantum measurements. We show how one can evaluate the performance of a detector in a specific time-domain experiment based on the electronic spectral characteristic of that detector. We then present and characterize a high-performance detector constructed using inexpensive, commercially available components such as low-noise high-speed operational amplifiers and high-bandwidth photodiodes. Our detector shows linear behavior up to a level of over 13 dB clearance between shot noise and electronic noise, in the range from DC to 100 MHz. The detector can be used for measuring quantum optical field quadratures both in the continuous-wave and pulsed regimes with standard commercial mode-locked lasers. 相似文献
53.
Norberto Manfredi Alberto Bianchi Valerio Causin Riccardo Ruffo Roberto Simonutti Alessandro Abbotto 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(5):719-727
The first use of PSn‐b‐PEOm‐b‐PSn block copolymers (PS = polystyrene, PEO = poly(ethylene oxide)) as solid hosts for iodine/iodide electrolytes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is described. Using the benchmark photosensitizer N719, DSSC based on the quasi solid‐state electrolytes afforded efficiencies up to 6.7%, to be compared with an efficiency of 7.3% obtained in similar conditions with a conventional iodine/iodide liquid electrolyte. By varying the PS:PEO relative volume ratio in the block copolymers different properties and morphologies were obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 719–727 相似文献
54.
Ahmed Al-Rawashdeh 《Numerical Functional Analysis & Optimization》2019,40(3):326-340
The concept of quasi-nonexpansive mappings was initiated in Diaz and Metcalf (Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 73 (1967), 516–519), further it was generalized by Petryshyn and Williamson (Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 43, no. 2 (1973): 459-497). Further investigating the above work, in this article a Banach space with a relation ρ has been considered, the notion of ρ-preserving and quasi ρ-preserving locally related quasi-nonexpansive mappings has been introduced. It has been shown that every ρ-preserving mapping is a quasi ρ-preserving and every nonexpansive mapping is locally related quasi-nonexpansive but converse may not hold. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of Picard, Mann and Ishikawa iterations of ρ-preserving, quasi ρ-preserving locally related quasi-nonexpansive mappings are presented. 相似文献
55.
For wide classes of locally convex spaces, in particular, for the space of continuous real‐valued functions on a Tychonoff space X equipped with the pointwise topology, we characterize the existence of a fundamental bounded resolution (i.e., an increasing family of bounded sets indexed by the irrationals which swallows the bounded sets). These facts together with some results from Grothendieck's theory of ‐spaces have led us to introduce quasi‐ ‐spaces, a class of locally convex spaces containing ‐spaces that preserves subspaces, countable direct sums and countable products. Regular ‐spaces as well as their strong duals are quasi‐ ‐spaces. Hence the space of distributions provides a concrete example of a quasi‐ ‐space not being a ‐space. We show that has a fundamental bounded resolution if and only if is a quasi‐ ‐space if and only if the strong dual of is a quasi‐ ‐space if and only if X is countable. If X is metrizable, then is a quasi‐ ‐space if and only if X is a σ‐compact Polish space. 相似文献
56.
Merve lkhan 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2019,42(16):5143-5153
Norm of an operator T:X→Y is the best possible value of U satisfying the inequality and lower bound for T is the value of L satisfying the inequality where ‖.‖X and ‖.‖Y are the norms on the spaces X and Y, respectively. The main goal of this paper is to compute norms and lower bounds for some matrix operators from the weighted sequence space ?p(w) into a new space called as Fibonacci weighted difference sequence space. For this purpose, we firstly introduce the Fibonacci difference matrix and the space consisting of sequences whose ‐transforms are in . 相似文献
57.
A computational fluid dynamics‐based optimization methodology is developed, appropriate for the geometric optimization of enhanced heat transfer devices based upon the principle of entropy generation minimization, in which the objective function is evaluated from a flow field obtained by computational simulation. A quasi‐Newton optimization procedure is employed, with computation of the objective function gradients based upon a finite difference approach. The optimization procedure is developed to be general with regard to the choice of objective function, the details of the problem under consideration, and the computational methodology employed in solving the fluid flow and heat transfer problems. A novel implementation of a Taylor series‐based procedure for the fast solution of nearby problems is presented, which is found to greatly benefit the efficiency of the present methodology. Finally, a numerical experiment is presented, illustrating the use of the present method in the geometric optimization of a practical enhanced heat transfer device on the basis of the criterion of entropy generation minimization. The optimization of the fin spacing of a simple plate fin heat sink is considered, and a comparison of the computational results with results obtained by analytical optimization based upon empirical friction factor and Nusselt number correlations is given. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
S. Jabri H. Souissi A. Souissi A. Meftah V. Sallet A. Lusson P. Galtier M. Oueslati 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2015,46(2):251-255
Wurtzite ZnO thin films were prepared on sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Raman scattering studies on different crystallographic textures were performed in the backscattering geometry, and polarization effect is investigated in different configurations and . ZnO Raman modes are investigated in each texture. In the case of ZnO thin film deposed on r‐() sapphire plane and using backscattering geometry, new Raman line was observed at 390 cm−1 because this mode has not been noticed in this geometry. It is shown that the frequencies of the quasi‐phonon modes of the examined thin film are in good agreement with the theoretical values calculated within the framework of Loudon model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
Thitianan Kulsirirat Sittisak Honsawek Mariko Takeda-Morishita Nuttanan Sinchaipanid Wanvisa Udomsinprasert Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai Korbtham Sathirakul 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(7)
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid herb, which is isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata, and widely used for its potential medical properties. However, there are no reports on the effects of andrographolide on the human suprapatellar fat pad of osteoarthritis patients. In the present study, our goal was to evaluate the innovative effects of andrographolide on viability and Tri-lineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from suprapatellar fat pad tissues. The results revealed that andrographolide had no cytotoxic effects when the concentration was less than 12.5 µM. Interestingly, andrographolide had significantly enhanced, dose dependent, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis as evidenced by a significantly intensified stain for Alizarin Red S, Toluidine Blue and Alcian Blue. Moreover, andrographolide can upregulate the expression of genes related to osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, including Runx2, OPN, Sox9, and Aggrecan in mesenchymal stem cells from human suprapatellar fat pad tissues. In contrast, andrographolide suppressed adipogenic differentiation as evidenced by significantly diminished Oil Red O staining and expression levels for adipogenic-specific genes for PPAR-γ2 and LPL. These findings confirm that andrographolide can specifically enhance osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells from human suprapatellar fat pad tissues. It has potential as a therapeutic agent derived from natural sources for regenerative medicine. 相似文献
60.
采用传统的熔融法制备了Er~(3+)掺杂的新型铋酸盐玻璃(Li_2O-SrO-ZnO-Bi_2O_3,LSZB),并对其光谱性质进行了表征,分析了玻璃的拉曼光谱、吸收光谱、荧光光谱,利用Judd-Ofelt理论研究了其荧光特性。LSZB玻璃样品中Er~(3+)的~4I_(13/2)→~4I_(15/2)跃迁发射峰位于1.53 μm处,半高宽约为78 nm。样品中Er~(3+)的~4I_(13/2)能级寿命为2.848 ms,量子效率为99.93%,受激发射截面达到9.76×10~(-21)cm~2。以上结果显示,Er~(3+)掺杂LSZB玻璃有良好的光谱特性。 相似文献