高能伽玛源下碲锌镉探测器的针孔成像

采用新型室温碲锌镉(CdZnTe)辐射探测器,通过厚针孔系统对137Cs高能662 keV伽玛射线辐射源进行成像探测,得到了能谱图和放射源图像。计算分析了高能射线穿透效应对空间分辨力的影响,并对不同偏压下得到的图像进行比较与讨论。实验表明,当放大倍率不大时(小于3),高能射线对准直器材料的穿透效应增大是限制图像空间分辨力的主要因素,探测器像素尺寸的大小对图像空间分辨力的影响并不明显。随偏置电压升高,探测器得到的图像会得到改善,但过大的偏压(大于1 000 V)会使晶体内部的电场不均匀性增大,降低信噪比从而降低图像品质。     

Lucy-Richardson算法用于针孔图像的恢复

计算了X射线针孔成像系统的点扩散函数矩阵，利用Lucy-Richardson算法对模拟和真实的针孔图像进行了较好的恢复，分析了恢复后得到的结果，给出了合理的迭代次数、恢复方法细节和恢复图像的分辨率，并用模拟实验验证了Lucy-Richardson算法对针孔图像进行恢复的可靠性. 关键词： 针孔成像 点扩散函数 Lucy-Richardson算法     

线状等离子体测量中的晶体谱仪及其在X射线激光实验中的应用

本文讨论了两种适用于Ｘ射线激光实验的聚焦型弯晶谱仪和针孔晶体谱仪。给出了弯晶谱仪的设计参数，以及针孔晶体谱仪在实验中摄得的线状Ｍｇ和ＣａＦ２等离子体空间分辨谱；分析了晶体谱仪在Ｘ射线激光实验中的应用。     

Si Micromachined Pinhole and Surrounding Photodiode for Incident Beam Position Sensing and Automatic Alignment

The spatial filter of a Si micromachined pinhole integrated with photodiodes is fabricated. The photodiode cells placed around the center pinhole can detect the relative position between the incident beam spot and the pinhole. The position signal obtained from a two or four cell type photodiode and position sensitive detector show the sensitivity even when the beam spot is near the center pinhole. Combined with the feedback control of the shape memory alloy actuator based on the obtained position signal, the pinhole is aligned automatically.     

Spot size measurement of a flash-radiography source using the pinhole imaging method

The spot size of the X-ray source is a key parameter of a flash-radiography facility, and is usually quoted as an evaluation of the resolving power. The pinhole imaging technique is applied to measure the spot size of the Dragon-I linear induction accelerator, by which a two-dimensional spatial distribution of the source spot is obtained.Experimental measurements are performed to measure the spot image when the transportation and focusing of the electron beam are tuned by adjusting the currents of solenoids in the downstream section. The spot size of full-width at half maximum and that defined from the spatial frequency at half peak value of the modulation transfer function are calculated and discussed.     

Development and prospects of Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering(VSANS) techniques

Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering(VSANS) is an upgrade of the traditional Small Angle Neutron Scattering(SANS) technique which can cover three orders of magnitude of length scale from one nanometer to one micrometer. It is a powerful tool for structure calibration in polymer science, biology, material science and condensed matter physics. Since the first VSANS instrument, D11 in Grenoble, was built in 1972, new collimation techniques,focusing optics(multi-beam converging apertures, material or magnetic lenses, and focusing mirrors) and higher resolution detectors combined with the long flight paths and long incident neutron wavelengths have been developed.In this paper, a detailed review is given of the development, principles and application conditions of various VSANS techniques. Then, beam current gain factors are calculated to evaluate those techniques. A VSANS design for the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) is thereby presented.     

基于三线结构光的相机平面标定方法研究

相机标定技术是结构光三维视觉测量的关键技术之一,结构光系统的相机标定的精度对三维测量的精度有很大影响。首先对三线结构光系统图的相机标定方法进行了分析,简单介绍了工业相机成像的几何模型及标定的原理;其次利用Harris角点检测方法提取特征点坐标,并选用了BP神经网络来校正工业相机的畸变模型,以提高标定算法的优化速度和标定精度;最后采用张正友的平面标定法对校正后的摄像机模型进行标定实验,由实验结果知,该方法具有一定的准确性和有效性,在一定误差范围内,基于神经网络畸变校正的张正友相机标定能够有效提高视觉检测的精度。     

高温烧蚀初始印记及其瑞利-泰勒不稳定性发展的研究

直接驱动惯性约束聚变中,高温烧蚀初始印记在压缩过程的不稳定性发展中起着重要作用.利用X射线针孔辅助点投影成像法,研究了不同波形激光脉冲驱动下CH平面靶及其瑞利-泰勒不稳定性发展的情况.结果表明,在相同驱动激光能量作用下,初始阶段激光强度越低,上升越缓慢,高温烧蚀初始印记引起的密度调制幅度越大.提高预脉冲强度能显著抑制高温烧蚀初始印记效应. 关键词： 高温烧蚀初始印记 激光脉冲形状 瑞利-泰勒不稳定性 针孔辅助点投影     

实时测量的X射线针孔相机信号强度估算

 对用X射线CCD作测量设备的在线针孔相机信号强度进行了估计。利用激光原型装置柱腔能谱曲线、PI-SX1300型号X射线CCD的量子效率曲线分别对在CCD加Be滤片和加不同材料的平面镜两种情况下的针孔相机成像获得的Ｘ射线信号在CCD上的信号强度计数进行了估算,结果表明：厚度不大于200 μm的Be滤片只能将信号强度的计数降低一个量级;3°入射的金平面镜,5°入射的镍、碳平面镜和硅平面镜虽然也可将信号强度计数降低一个量级,但这两种衰减方法得到的强度计数超过了CCD的饱和计数值。计算了不同厚度的Be滤片结合平面镜的针孔相机对信号强度计数的衰减情况,结果表明：Be的厚度在20～40 μm时,平面镜选择3°入射的金平面镜或者5°入射的镍平面镜,两者结合可以较好地衰减信号。     

小孔阵列式太阳敏感器的光学系统设计

微型数字式太阳敏感器光学系统由APS CMOS图像传感器和基于MEMS工艺的小孔阵列式光线引入器组成。图像传感器的分辨率为1024×1024pixel,像素尺寸为10μm×10μm;光线引入器具有微小孔阵列结构,小孔为方形孔,30×30阵列,尺寸为60μm×60μm,间距为250μm。光线引入器采用了MEMS工艺的掩模板制备工艺。针对所设计的光学系统计算了曝光时间,并在此基础上进行了地面成像实验。实验结果表明,光学系统设计合理,保证了敏感器所具有的高精度和大视场。