滑坡冲击铲刮变量的计算方法研究

高速远程滑坡运动过程中,冲击铲刮效应不仅增加滑坡的体积与规模,而且会增大滑坡成灾范围,风险预测与判断出现明显误差,导致灾难性事件的发生。目前对于高速滑坡的铲刮深度、铲刮范围和铲刮体积等变量计算往往是采用基于经验的铲刮率算法,其是通过体积增量来反算铲刮变量的数学方法,而实际情况中高速滑坡的冲击铲刮是滑体冲击力和地表可铲刮材料之间的力学屈服破坏作用的结果。本文基于接触力学、弹塑性力学和岩土力学,提出了地表可铲刮层在附加冲击荷载作用下铲刮变量的理论计算方法,认为竖向冲击和切向剪切是滑体冲击铲刮过程的两种主要作用方式。结合实际岩土体材料参数,发现不考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区主要以竖向破裂区为主,考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区沿切向迁移,直至塑性边界贯通至地表,符合实际情况,实现了对铲刮变量的定量化计算。     

重力匹配导航的影响模式分析

从重力场匹配导航的改进TERCOM算法入手,针对采样长度、采样间隔以及重力测量误差对匹配结果的影响进行了系统分析,并在此基础上利用海洋年度重力测量数据设计了准实时仿真试验,结果表明:(1)采样长度对匹配结果有重要的影响,采样长度与重力基准图的分辨率比值在10~20之间时,能够获得较好的匹配效果;(2)适当增加采样间隔可以在一定程度上提高匹配的整体精度,但增加了匹配失效的风险,实际应用中采样间隔以2~4 min为宜;(3)重力测量白噪声误差对匹配结果影响相对较大,过大的误差将不能得到有效匹配,水下重力测量误差最好能控制在2 mGal以内。     

Passive adaptive control of chaos in synchronous reluctance motor

The performance of synchronous reluctance motor （SynRM） degrades due to chaos when its systemic parameters fall into a certain area. To control the undesirable chaos in SynRM, a passive control law is presented in this paper, which transforms the chaotic SynRM into an equivalent passive system. It is proved that the equivalent system can be asymptotically stabilized at the set equilibrium point, namely, chaos in SynRM can be controlled. Moreover, in order to eliminate the influence of undeterministic parameters, an adaptive law is introduced into the designed controller. Computer simulation results show that the proposed controller is very effective and robust against the uncertainties in systemic parameters. The present study may help to maintain the secure operation of industrial servo drive system.     

Perspective methods of human identification: Ear biometrics

Geometrical methods of feature extraction from ear images in order to perform human identification are presented. Geometrical approach is motivated by the actual procedures used by police and forensic experts (so-called ear otoscopy). In their work, geometrical features of ears such as size, height, width, and shapes of earlobe are useful and valid proofs of identity. The contribution of the article is development of the new and original methods of geometrical feature extraction from 2D ear images. Four novel algorithms of ear feature extraction from contour images are described in detail. Moreover, identification results obtained for each of the methods, based on the distance of feature vectors in the feature space, are presented.     

Passive infrared detector used for detection of very slowly moving of crawling people

The paper presents construction and principle of operation of passive IR detectors (PIR detectors) of a large detection range. Important virtue of these detectors is highly efficient detection of slowly moving or crawling people. The described here PIR detector detects crawling people at the distance of 140 m. To ensure high probability of detection of slowly moving objects, new method of signals analysis was applied. On the basis of the carried out real-time measurements, both probability of detection and false alarms were determined.     

3D analysis of in-filled trench as passive barriers for ground vibration isolation

The three-dimensional (3D) problem of the ground vibration isolation by an in-filled trench as a passive barrier is studied theoretically. Integral equations governing Rayleigh wave scattering are derived based on the Green’s solution of Lamb problem. The integral equations are solved accurately and efficiently with an iteration technique. They are used to evaluate the complicated Rayleigh wave field generated by irregular scatterers embedded in an elastic half-space solid. The passive isolation effectiveness of ground vibration by the in-filled trench for screening Rayleigh wave is further studied in detail. Effects of relevant parameters on the effectiveness of vibration isolation are investigated and presented. The results show that a trench filled with stiff backfill material gets a better isolation effect than a soft one, and increasing the depth or width of the in-filled trench also improves its screening effectiveness. The effectiveness and the area of the screened zone are surging with the increase in the length of the in-filled trench. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50678128 and 50538010) and the Research Fund for PhD Student of Chinese College (Grant No. 20050247030)     

Direct numerical simulation of passive scalar in decaying compressible turbulence

1IntroductionDirectnumericalsimulation(DNS)becomesanimportanttoolinrecentresearchofturbulence[1].DNSofcompressibleturbulenceismoredifficultthanthatoftheincompressibleturbulence.WhentheturbulentMachnumberisgreaterthan0.3theshockletsmayappearinthecompressibleturbulentflowfields.Thereasonandmechanismofshockletsexistencearenotclearyet.TheturbulentMachnumberinDNScannotbeveryhighwiththepresentexistingnumericalmethodsandcomputerresource.Fortheproblemofcompressibleisotropicturbulencewiththeinitia…     

Exact Anomalous Dimensions of Composite Operators in the Obukhov–Kraichnan Model

We consider two stochastic equations that describe the turbulent transfer of a passive scalar field (x)(t,x) and generalize the known Obukhov–Kraichnan model to the case of a possible compressibility and large-scale anisotropy. The pair correlation function of the field (x) is characterized by an infinite collection of anomalous indices, which have previously been found exactly using the zero-mode method. In the quantum field formulation, these indices are identified with the critical dimensions of an infinite family of tensor composite operators that are quadratic in the field (x), which allows obtaining exact values for the latter (the values not restricted to the -expansion) and then using them to find the corresponding renormalization constants. The identification of the correlation function indices with the composite-operator dimensions itself is supported by a direct calculation of the critical dimensions in the one-loop approximation.     

响应面方法计算HTR-10余热排出系统物理过程的失效概率

在核电站安全研究中，概率安全评价方法已经得到了广泛的应用.但是对于采用非能动设计的核电站系统，其可靠性分析的研究还处于初级阶段.非能动系统的失效不但要考虑常规可靠性分析中考虑的设备失效，还要考虑物理过程的失效.物理过程失效概率的计算方法和能动系统可靠性分析方法完全不同.本文给出物理过程失效的数学描述，介绍了一次二阶矩法、响应面方法，并且应用响应面方法计算了清华大学核能技术设计研究院10MW高温气冷实验堆(HTR-10)余热排出系统失效概率的近似值. 关键词： 概率安全评价 非能动系统 可靠性 响应面     

基于XRD的镀锌钝化膜残余应力试验研究

利用XRD技术测试了镀锌钝化膜结合界面的残余应力，同时通过电解抛光法检测了其厚度方向残余应力的分布规律，分析了残余应力对镀锌钝化膜结合强度的影响. 试验结果表明，镀锌钝化膜的残余应力均表现为压应力，并随着基体表面残余应力的增大而减小；钝化膜在2—10μm厚度方向的残应力为-274.5—-428.3MPa，其应力为梯度分布；镀锌钝化膜与基体的界面结合强度与其残余应力成反比，减小薄膜残余应力，有利于提高镀锌钝化膜与基体的结合强度. 关键词： X射线衍射法(XRD) 镀锌钝化膜 结合强度 残余应力