中微子质量矩阵和中微子转换矩阵间的一种可能的关系

我们探讨了以ν_e,ν_μ,ν_τ为基的, 具有一种新的对称性的中微子质量矩阵M. 首先在没有T(时间)破坏的前提下, 假定该质量矩阵具有一个简单的三参数形式. 这一矩阵确定了3种中微子的质量m₁, m₂, m₃以及使M对角化的转换矩阵U. 因为无T破坏的U给出3个可测量参数s₁₂, s₂₃, s₁₃, 我们的形式用3个参数表示6个可测量的物理量, 其结果与实验数据符合得很好. 更精确的测量将对模型给出严格的检验, 并确定这3个参数的值. 本文还推广讨论了包含T破坏的情况.     

The wire electrode system for the KATRIN main spectrometer

Aims. KATRIN is a neutrino mass experiment based on the kinematics of tritium β-decay. This work presents the methods employed at KATRIN to reduce the spectrometer-related background.Methods. The electrode system of the main spectrometer includes a modular double-layer wire grid for electrostatic screening of background. The key features of the wire electrode and the underlying design criteria of the optimisation procedure are described.Status. Fabrication of the wire electrode modules is completed and installation into the KATRIN main spectrometer has started.     

Prospects of reactor neutrino experiments

Since the energy of a reactor neutrino is a few MeV, all , and oscillations are accessible by reactor neutrino experiments. KamLAND observed the oscillation and currently Double Chooz, RENO and Dayabay experiments are under construction aiming to detect oscillation. There are still good prospects for future reactor neutrino experiments after them. For example, there is room to further improve sin²2θ₁₃ accuracy at a baseline of ∼1.5 km, a very precise sin²2θ₁₂ measurement and the determination of mass hierarchy may be possible at a baseline ∼50 km, and if KamLAND is enlarged to the SuperKamiokande size, better measurement of and sin²2θ₁₂ will be anticipated. It is important to take into account such possibilities when planning future neutrino program after θ₁₃ is measured by current experiments.     

Double beta decay: A problem of particle, nuclear and atomic physics

A brief review of recent progress in the field of double beta decay is presented. Different aspects from particle, nuclear and atomic physics of both two-neutrino (2νββ) and neutrinoless (0νββ) modes of the double β decay are discussed. It is argued that the R-parity violating supersymmetry (SUSY) contributes to the 0νββ-decay predominantly via charged pion-exchange between decaying nucleons. Further, a problem of reliable determination of the 0νββ-decay nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) is addressed. It is manifested that the uncertainty associated with the calculation of the 0νββ-decay NMEs can be diminished by suitably chosen nuclear probes. A new possibility for the study of lepton number non-conservation is proposed, namely oscillations plus deexcitations of neutral atoms. A phenomenological analysis of this process leads to a resonant enhancement of the neutrinoless double electron capture, that has a Breit-Wigner form.     

Effects of massive neutrinos on the structure formation of the universe

Massive neutrinos affect the structure formation of the universe, characteristically the harmonic pattern of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and the clustering property of galaxies. Precision observations of the CMB and the power spectrum of galaxy clustering thus lead to the limit on the neutrino mass on the 1 eV scale. I address the principles and the typical results that can be derived from cosmological arguments.     

UHECR besides CenA : Hints of galactic sources

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, UHECR, maybe protons, as most still believe and claim, or nuclei; in particular lightest nuclei as we advocated recently. The two model offer a dramatic different view of the UHECR sky because different galactic Lorentz deflection and GZK cut-off. The first (Auger Collaboration) nucleon proposal (2007) Pierre Auger Collaboration (2007) [1] foresaw to trace clearly the UHECR GZK Universe reaching far (up to 100 Mpc) Super-Galactic-Plane, with little angular dispersion. On the contrary Lightest Nuclei model (2008) Fargion et al. (2008) [2], inspired by observed composition and by nearest Cen_A clustering (almost a quarter of the AUGER events) explains (by cut off) a modest and narrow (few Mpc) Universe view, as well as the puzzling Virgo absence. The lightest nuclei offer a little blurred Astronomy. Here we address a part of the remaining scattered events in the new up-dated Auger map (March 2009-ICRC09). We found within the rarest clustering the surprising imprint of a few remarkable galactic sources. In particular we recognize a first trace of Vela, brightest gamma and radio galactic source, and smeared sources along the Galactic Plane and Center. We expect in the near future much more clustering along Cen_A and a few more conforming to those galactic sources. The clustering may imply additional tails of fragments (by nuclei photo-dissociation) at half energies (). The UHECR light-nuclei fragility and opacity may also reflect into a train of secondaries as gamma and neutrinos UHE events at tens or hundred PeVs. These UHE neutrinos might be detectable in the near future within the nearest AUGER and Array Fluorescence Telescope views, (few km distances), by the fast fluorescence flashing of horizontal up-going τ Air-showers.     

Time-modulation of entangled two-body weak decays with massive neutrinos

In recent experiments at the GSI, Darmstadt, time-modulated orbital Electron Capture (EC) decays of H-like ¹⁴⁰Pr⁵⁸⁺, ¹⁴²Pm⁶⁰⁺, and ¹²²I⁵²⁺ ions with one electron in the K-shell, coasting in the ESR storage ring with velocity β=0.71, were observed. The EC-branches show exponential decay curves time-modulated with period T=7.06(8) s and amplitude a=0.18(3) for ¹⁴⁰Pr decays, T=7.10(22) s and a=0.23(4) for ¹⁴²Pm decays, and T=6.04(6) s and a=0.19(3) for ¹²²I (preliminary) decays in the laboratory frame. The simultaneously measured β⁺ branch of ¹⁴²Pm shows no modulation with a<0.03. We discuss here as origin of the modulation quantum beats produced by the superposition of massive neutrino, mass eigenstates emitted in the entangled two body weak decay. From the modulation frequency a value for the difference of the quadratic mass values is deduced, which is 2.9 times larger than the value derived by the KamLAND antineutrino oscillation experiment. The origin of the small modulation amplitudes is discussed as the result of a partial restoration of the interference terms which are expected to cancel for the usual assumed unitarity of the neutrino flavor mixing matrix.     

2002年诺贝尔物理奖介绍:中微子振荡实验

描述粒子相互作用基本理论是标准模型，按照标准模型，中微子没有静止质量．如果中微子有静止质量，将表现为中微子振荡．戴维斯和小柴昌俊由于确定地发现中微子振荡而获2002年诺贝尔物理奖。     

Search for Cold Dark Matter and Solar Neutrinos with GENIUS and GENIUS-TF

The new project GENIUS will cover a wide range of the parameter space of predictions of SUSY for neutralinos as cold dark matter. Further it has the potential to be a real-time detector for low-energy (pp and ⁷Be) solar neutrinos. A GENIUS Test Facility has been funded and will come into operation by early 2003.     

跷跷板模型中三阶中微子混合矩阵的幺正性破坏

对标准模型的一种简单扩充就是引入n个重的右手中微子且保持其SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y规范对称性. 通过对角化(3+n)×(3+n)阶中微子质量矩阵, 得到关于ν_e, ν_μ和ν_τ的有效 质量矩阵的精确的解析表达式. 结果表明, 在轻子带电弱流中出现的3×3中微子混合矩阵V必须不是严格幺正的. 如果通过跷跷板机制产生正确的轻的中微子的质量标度, 那么V的幺正性破坏的程度非常小, 几乎可以忽略. 类似的结论同样可以在第二类跷跷板模型中得到.