超导磁约束系统中超导磁体涡流损耗的研究

在超导磁约束系统中,超导磁体与射频场、磁场、声场、电场等复合场的兼容耦合是系统稳定运行的关键。探讨了在13.56 MHz频率下的Shoji型天线产生的高频电磁波对超导磁体的影响,高频电磁波会在超导磁体表面产生涡流损耗,进而产生功率损耗并生成热量,导致超导磁体失超。为避免失超现象的发生,在超导磁体室温孔内采用金属屏蔽层进行防护。利用COMSOL软件对整个电磁-射频非线性耦合场进行建模仿真分析,完成了屏蔽层结构的优化选择。基于计算结果,分析讨论了屏蔽层厚度和高度变化对超导磁体上涡流损耗功率的变化影响。通过对超导磁体涡流损耗功率随屏蔽层参数变化进行拟合,最终得到了优化后的屏蔽层参数。     

EAST纵场线圈在稳定状态下热负荷的计算

文章分析了EAST托卡马克核聚变装置在正常运行情况下产生的各种热负荷。计算过程考虑了核热沉积以及热传导、热辐射、对流引起的换热过程。其中稀薄气体对流热、辐射热和核沉积热是热负荷的重要组成部分。这些结果对于分析整个液氦系统消耗量,降低低温系统的成本有着重要的作用。     

超导磁体螺栓结合面低温振动特性研究

振动特性对于超导磁体的各类工程应用具有重要意义, 螺栓法兰盘连接是超导磁体系统的一种常见的支撑结构类型, 然而螺栓结合面在低温条件下振动特性的相关研究目前尚少见报道. 本研究中设计加工了简化的连接结构, 在室温和液氮温度对其螺栓结合面进行振动特性的测试分析. 接下来, 采用集中质量法进行建模, 并利用振型、 频率与质量矩阵、 刚度矩阵的关系求解了不同螺栓预紧力情况下的刚度矩阵, 得到了系统总刚度和结合面刚度. 使用上述方法对振动测量数据计算发现, 该结构的系统总刚度与结合面刚度都随着预紧力增大而增大, 同时液氮低温条件可使系统总刚度和结合面刚度进一步增大.     

高功率聚变磁体电源桥臂直通故障分析及仿真

高功率聚变磁体电源采用三电平中点钳位型(NPC)电压源变流器(VSC)拓扑，在变流器桥臂直通故障情况下，其直流侧电容的充放电使故障暂态过程较为复杂，为变流器故障分析带来挑战。针对这一问题，以3kV、6kA三电平IGCT大功率VSC为背景，建立了桥臂直通故障暂态等效数学模型。将整个故障过程分为直流侧电容放电和二极管导通两个阶段，详细分析了该故障情况下电压及电流的变化趋势，为后期保护方案的设计奠定基础。Matlab仿真结果表明了该分析方法的可靠性。     

Transient multi-physics behavior of an insert high temperature superconducting no-insulation coil in hybrid superconducting magnets with inductive coupling

A transient multi-physics model incorporated with an electromagneto-thermomechanical coupling is developed to capture the multi-field behavior of a single-pancake (SP) insert no-insulation (NI) coil in a hybrid magnet during the charging and discharging processes. The coupled problem is resolved by means of the finite element method (FEM) for the magneto-thermo-elastic behaviors and the Runge-Kutta method for the transient responses of the electrical circuits of the hybrid superconducting magnet system. The results reveal that the transient multi-physics responses of the insert NI coil primarily depend on the charging/discharging procedure of the hybrid magnet. Moreover, a reverse azimuthal current and a compressive hoop stress are induced in the insert NI coil during the charging process, while a forward azimuthal current and a tensile hoop stress are observed during the discharging process. The induced voltages in the insert NI coil can drive the currents flowing across the radial turns where the contact resistance exists. Therefore, it brings forth significant Joule heat, causing a temperature rise and a uniform distribution of this heat in the coil turns. Accordingly, a thermally/mechanically unstable or quenching event may be encountered when a high operating current is flowing in the insert NI coil. It is numerically predicted that a quick charging will induce a compressive hoop stress which may bring a risk of buckling instability in the coil, while a discharging will not. The simulations provide an insight of hybrid superconducting magnets under transient start-up or shutdown phases which are inevitably encountered in practical applications.     

梯形高温超导磁体电磁特性仿真与实验研究

超导电动悬浮列车以超导磁体作为核心部件, 具有环境影响小、 高速下自稳定、 安全性能好等优点, 已成为高速轨道交通的重要发展方向之一. 然而, 传统的磁体线圈结构存在绕组内磁场过于集中的问题, 导致磁体的临界电流下降显著, 列车的悬浮及安全性能也受到影响. 针对现有悬浮磁体结构自场集中导致的临界电流衰减问题,本文提出了一种梯形高温超导磁体线圈结构. 建立了一种可以提升磁体临界电流计算效率的均质自洽模型, 设计了梯形结构线圈的结构参数并完成了磁体线圈的绕制. 实验和计算结果表明, 自洽模型计算的磁体临界电流与实验测量值吻合良好, 验证了模型的准确性. 利用该模型对日本山梨试验线上的全尺寸车载高温超导磁体进行了结构优化设计. 研究发现, 优化后的车载磁体绕组内磁场集中程度明显下降, 车载磁体的临界电流及目标区域的磁场强度显著提高. 本研究相关成果可为电动悬浮列车车载磁体的结构设计提供参考.     

Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of a Co(II)-Complex with N2O2 Donor Set – A Theoretical and Experimental Study

A representative Co(II) based single ion magnet (SIM) with N₂O₂ donor set and distorted pseudo-tetrahedral geometry has been synthesized and characterized to study the atomic and electronic structure. DC magnetometry results have been evaluated by means of a phenomenological Hamiltonian approach regarding zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters and compared with results from ab-initio multi-reference CASSCF (complete active space self-consistent field) calculations and qualitative ligand field theory (AILFT). Profound investigation of spin-lattice relaxation with the variation of temperature (from 1.8 to about 8 K) and magnetic field (at 14 different fields from zero up to 1 T) have been performed based on AC magnetometry. Under an applied dc magnetic field, spin-lattice relaxation occurs via a direct process with T² temperature dependence due to limited heat transfer at very low temperature and above 5 K relaxation by an Orbach process with an energy barrier of ≈80 K dominates.