一次低涡东移机制的分析

对1999年6月25日到29日发生在长江中下游流域的低涡活动进行中尺度四维同化模拟，分析发现低涡在形成后，前期高能舌未东伸，高空辐散中心与低涡中心重合或略偏后于低涡中心，低涡不东移，当高空急流中心东跃，高低空急流开始耦合时，低涡开始东移，当低涡移到高低空急流的耦合区时，低涡东移并强烈发展。     

液体横向射流在气膜作用下的破碎过程

为了研究液体横向射流在气膜作用下的破碎过程,采用背景光成像技术及VOF TO DPM方法进行了实验研究和仿真研究,模拟介质为水和空气.研究结果表明,液体射流在气膜作用下主要存在两种破碎过程:柱状破碎和表面破碎.Rayleigh-Taylor(R-T)不稳定性产生的表面波是液体射流发生柱状破碎的主要原因,气流穿透表面波的波谷导致射流柱破碎,破碎后的液丝沿流向逐渐发展呈带状分布.Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)不稳定性产生的表面波是液体射流发生表面破碎的主要原因,液丝和液滴从射流表面剥离.局部动量比对液体横向射流的破碎过程具有重要影响,当局部动量比较低时,液体射流的破碎由K-H不稳定性主导;随着局部动量比的增大液体射流的破碎逐渐由R-T不稳定性主导.液体射流的破碎长度及穿透深度均随局部动量比的增大而增大.     

镍基金属有机骨架催化制藻基生物航油

本文研制了镍基金属有机骨架催化剂,考察了其催化微藻生物质及其水热提取油脂进行脱氧断键制航油性能。当金属有机骨架负载镍金属后,碳氧钴元素含量降低而镍元素含量提升到22.25%。由于金属骨架中钴的电子部分转移给成功担载的镍金属,故催化微藻亚临界水热提取油脂制航油的转化率和选择性分别达到90.51%和37.83%,显著高于微藻生物质直接催化转化效果。以微藻油脂的典型成分十六烷酸为例,量子化学计算揭示了其脱氧断键的竞争反应机理:Ni-H加成到羰基碳原子使得羰基碳与α位碳的键长由0.08007 nm拉长为0.08132 nm,有助于十六烷酸脱羧;同时Ni-H加成到羰基碳原子上的反应焓变为-40.8 kJ/mol,低于Ni-H加成到羰基氧原子上的158.8 kJ/mol,故脱羧反应更倾向于沿Ni-H加成到羰基碳原子的路径进行。     

Development of an atmospheric nonthermal multineedle dielectric barrier discharge jet for large area treatment of skin diseases

Nonthermal plasma is suitable for applications in the biomedical field because of the large amounts of active species and a low gas temperature that does not injure the human body. A plasma jet of the typical pen type is applied in most biomedical applications, but it is difficult to apply such jets to treat skin diseases that generally have wide affected areas. In this study, nonthermal multineedle dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) jet was developed for the treatment of large area lesions and used to verify its effectiveness in treating psoriasis as a representative skin disease. Stable discharge was maintained using the developed plasma jet with a multineedle electrode structure by utilizing various discharge gases. Electrical and optical analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the plasma. The effectiveness of psoriasis treatment using this approach was confirmed by performing in vitro and in vivo experiments with the multineedle DBD jet.     

仿生射流孔形状减阻性能数值模拟及实验研究

针对横流中的侧向射流能够减小仿生射流表面摩擦阻力问题, 建立仿生射流表面模型, 利用SST k-ω湍模型对不同射流孔形状的仿生射流表面模型进行数值模拟, 并对数值模拟结果进行了实验验证. 结果表明: 当射流孔的流向长度和展向长度不变时, 3号模型的折线形射流孔减阻效果最好; 将折线形射流孔简化为圆弧形, 当r=3–5 mm时, 减阻率随着射流速度的增大而增大, 当r=4 mm时减阻效果最好, 最大减阻率为9.51%. 减阻原因: 通过射流孔向横向主流场中注入射流流体, 改变了射流表面附近边界层的流场结构, 使得边界层黏性底层厚度增加, 垂直于射流表面的法向速度梯度减小, 从而减小了壁面剪应力; 低速的射流流体被封锁在边界层内, 降低了高速流体对壁面的扫掠, 达到了减阻目的.     

水下火箭水平射流初期特征研究

水中工作固体火箭发动机处于重浮力同时作用环境下, 与工作于大气环境下的固体火箭发动机具有不同的工作特性. 为进一步掌握水下固体火箭发动机的工作特性, 对具有重浮力特征的水下射流进行研究, 重点分析重浮力作用下水平喷射射流结构及推力振荡情况, 采用VOF模型对水平喷射且具有重浮力特征的三维发动机模型进行仿真模拟, 对比有/无重浮力下射流气泡的上浮特征, 并采用动量原理对发动机工作初期的射流扰动进行分析, 获得了重浮力下水下固体火箭发动机的推力振荡特征. 研究结果表明: 由于重浮力逐渐占据主导地位, 射流气泡具有明显的上浮特征, 推力与重浮力耦合后在竖直方向产生的翻转力矩更大, 通过与文献中实验对比可见, 采用VOF模型并考虑重浮力后仿真所得射流结构与实验结果更吻合.     

Localized EM and photonic jets from non‐spherical and non‐symmetrical dielectric mesoscale objects: Brief review

The interest to mesoscale dielectric objects, whose effective dimensions are comparable with the incident radiation wavelength, is caused by their unique ability to modify the spatial structure of the incident wave in the specific manner and to produce a highly localized intensive optical flux (“photonic jet”) with the subwavelength spatial resolution. In the current paper we brief review the modern state‐of‐the‐art of main principles of the photonic jet formation by non‐spherical and non‐symmetrical dielectric mesoscale particles both in transmitting and reflection mode. A deeper understanding of the photonic jet is nevertheless needed to fully exploit the potential performance of nano‐ and micro‐ dielectric mesoscale objects as diffractive components at different wavebands.

     

Hydrodynamics and dilution of an oil jet in crossflow: The role of small-scale motions from laboratory experiment and large eddy simulations

Experimental results were presented for the release of diesel oil from a one-inch (2.5 cm) vertical pipe in a crossflow at 0.27 m/s. The ratio of jet velocity to crossflow speed was 5.0 and the Reynolds number based on jet velocity and pipe diameter was $7.1\times {10}^3$. In the experiments, the plume shape was photographed, and the oil droplets were measured at two vertical locations on the center axis of the plume. Acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) data was also obtained and compared to numerical predictions. The plume was simulated using large eddy simulation (LES), and the mixture multiphase model. The impact of the oil buoyancy was captured by adding a transport term to the volume fraction equation. Using the rise velocity based on d₅₀ (volume-median) droplet size in the lower part of the plume allowed us to capture the lower boundary of the plume, but the estimated upper boundary of the plume penetrated less into the crossflow as compared to the experimental findings. However, using the rise velocity of the d₅₀ at the upper part of the plume allowed one to estimate the upper boundary of the plume. As the droplets are too small to be resolved by the LES, we could not use a systematic approach to allow the multiphase plume to spread to mimic the observations. Based on the simulation results, the interaction between the jet and crossflow yielded small-sized flow structures near the upper boundary of the plume. The wake vortices initiated from the leeward side of the plume showed an alternating vorticity pattern in the wake. The shear layer vortices were induced by Kevin-Helmholtz instabilities mostly on the windward side of the plume. The formation of counter rotating vortex pair (CVP) altered greatly the hydrodynamics of the jet from that of a vertical jet to manifest flow reversals in all directions. The formation of CVP is likely to enhance the mixing of chemicals and droplets within the plume.     

The effect of a single vortex generator jet on the characteristics of a turbulent boundary layer

A flat plate experiment was performed in a water tunnel to determine the effects of a vortex generator jet on the characteristics of a turbulent boundary layer at various wall normal locations. The results show that the characteristic distributions of the turbulent fluctuation quantities are nearly unaffected by the induced vortex structures neither in the steady nor in the dynamic blowing case. The shear layer interaction between the turbulent main flow and the jet flow produces less turbulent fluctuations than it is expected from a turbulent free jet flow. Thus, the mixing process of this flow control strategy is based only on a large-scale momentum transport superimposed by the turbulent fluctuation quantities. This allows a separation of scales for physical interpretation and numerical simulations.