Three New Phthalide Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Cnidium officinale and Their Recovery Effect on Damaged Otic Hair Cells in Zebrafish

The extract from Cnidium officinale rhizomes was shown in a prior experiment to markedly recover otic hair cells in zebrafish damaged by neomycin. The current study was brought about to identify the principal metabolite. Column chromatography using octadecyl SiO₂ and SiO₂ was performed to isolate the major metabolites from the active fraction. The chemical structures were resolved on the basis of spectroscopic data, including NMR, IR, MS, and circular dichroism (CD) data. The isolated phthalide glycosides were assessed for their recovery effect on damaged otic hair cells in neomycin-treated zebrafish. Three new phthalide glycosides were isolated, and their chemical structures, including stereochemical characteristics, were determined. Two glycosides (0.1 μM) showed a recovery effect (p < 0.01) on otic hair cells in zebrafish affected by neomycin ototoxicity. Repeated column chromatography led to the isolation of three new phthalide glycosides, named ligusticosides C (1), D (2), and E (3). Ligusticoside C and ligusticoside E recovered damaged otic hair cells in zebrafish.     

One-Pot Synthesis of Tetraarylpyrrolo[3, 2-b]pyrrole Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Materials for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Four organic small-molecule hole transport materials ( D41 , D42 , D43 and D44 ) of tetraarylpyrrolo[3, 2-b]pyrroles were prepared. They can be used without doping in the manufacture of the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. Tetraarylpyrrolo[3, 2-b]pyrroles are accessible for one-pot synthesis. D42 , D43 and D44 possess acceptor-\begin{document}$ \pi $\end{document}-donor-\begin{document}$ \pi $\end{document}-acceptor structure, on which the aryl bearing substitutes of cyan, fluorine and trifluoromethyl, respectively. Instead, the aryl moiety of D41 is in presence of methyl with a donor-\begin{document}$ \pi $\end{document}-donor-\begin{document}$ \pi $\end{document}-donor structure. The different substitutes significantly affected their molecular surface charge distribution and thin-film morphology, attributing to the electron-rich properties of fused pyrrole ring. The size of perovskite crystalline growth particles is affected by different molecular structures, and the electron-withdrawing cyan group of D42 is most conducive to the formation of large perovskite grains. The D42 fabricated devices with power conversion efficiency of 17.3% and retained 55% of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency after 22 days in dark condition. The pyrrolo[3, 2-b]pyrrole is efficient electron-donating moiety for hole transporting materials to form good substrate in producing perovskite thin film.      

贵金属基纳米催化剂在乙醇电催化氧化中的应用

乙醇电催化氧化反应是直接乙醇燃料电池的核心步骤之一,制备高效稳定的电催化材料已经成为提升其电催化反应效率和选择性的关键。贵金属基纳米催化剂以其独特的物理和化学特性,在乙醇电催化氧化中表现出优异的电催化性能,在燃料电池领域具有重要的应用前景。近来贵金属基乙醇氧化催化剂受到广泛关注并取得系列重要研究进展。本文主要介绍催化剂元素组成调变形成多元素协同作用、形貌调控暴露高指数晶面和载体选择提升分散性等三个方面对贵金属基纳米催化剂性能的影响,为后续研究设计高效稳定的直接乙醇燃料电池催化剂提供参考。     

全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的制备及稳定性

全无机钙钛矿太阳电池因其热稳定性好、载流子迁移率高,可用于制备叠层电池等优点备受关注。随着人们对全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的深入研究和制备工艺的持续优化,全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的光电转换效率已经突破19%。然而,全无机钙钛矿材料相稳定性较差,这使得实现全无机钙钛矿太阳电池在空气环境下制备和长期使用面临巨大挑战。众多科研工作者通过分析全无机钙钛矿材料的相变机制,有针对性地提出了包括添加剂工程、界面工程和开发全无机钙钛矿量子点电池等多种方式来改善全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的长期稳定性。本综述从全无机钙钛矿材料与电池的结构、活性层制备方法和稳定性研究三个方面总结了近年来关于全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的研究进展。     

BEPC Ⅱ注入器相控系统的设计

 以2.856GHz频率上相位控制达到±2°为目标，阐述北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程注入器相控系统设计思路，提出相应的系统实现结构。在分析相控过程的基础上，分解系统指标，把它作为相控系统详细设计和关键部件测试的依据。最后，针对相位测量这一关键问题，给出了具体的实现方法。     

Phenolic Compounds from Mori Cortex Ameliorate Sodium Oleate-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis in NRK-52e Cells through CD36

Lipid deposition in the kidney can cause serious damage to the kidney, and there is an obvious epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in the late stage. To investigate the interventional effects and mechanisms of phenolic compounds from Mori Cortex on the EMT and fibrosis induced by sodium oleate-induced lipid deposition in renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52e cells), and the role played by CD36 in the adjustment process, NRK-52e cells induced by 200 μmol/L sodium oleate were given 10 μmoL/L moracin-P-2″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Y-1), moracin-P-3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Y-2), moracin-P-3′-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (Y-3), and moracin-P-3′-O-[β-glucopyranoside-(1→2)arabinopyranoside] (Y-4), and Oil Red O staining was used to detect lipid deposition. A Western blot was used to detect lipid deposition-related protein CD36, inflammation-related protein (p-NF-κB-P65, NF-κB-P65, IL-1β), oxidative stress-related protein (NOX1, Nrf2, Keap1), EMT-related proteins (CD31, α-SMA), and fibrosis-related proteins (TGF-β, ZEB1, Snail1). A qRT-PCR test detected inflammation, EMT, and fibrosis-related gene mRNA levels. The TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA, and the colorimetric method was used to detects SOD and MDA levels. The ROS was measured by flow cytometry. A high-content imaging analysis system was applied to observe EMT and fibrosis-related proteins. At the same time, the experiment silenced CD36 and compared the difference between before and after drug treatment, then used molecular docking technology to predict the potential binding site of the active compounds with CD36. The research results show that sodium oleate can induce lipid deposition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in NRK-52e cells. Y-1 and Y-2 could significantly ameliorate the damage caused by sodium oleate, and Y-2 had a better ameliorating effect, while there was no significant change in Y-3 or Y-4. The amelioration effect of Y-1 and Y-2 disappeared after silencing CD36. Molecular docking technology showed that the Y-1 and Y-2 had hydrogen bonds to CD36 and that, compared with Y-1, Y-2 requires less binding energy. In summary, moracin-P-2″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and moracin-P-3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside from Mori Cortex ameliorated lipid deposition, EMT, and fibrosis induced by sodium oleate in NRK-52e cells through CD36.     

轴对称收敛型电子枪设计方法再讨论

 对轴对称收敛型电子枪设计方法进行了整理分析,就阴极半锥角的初始值对迭代综合法的收敛性能所产生的影响进行了讨论,针对低压缩比条件下原来的Vaughan公式失效的问题进行了分析,给出了更为合理的初始值计算公式。采用修正后的公式和迭代综合法对电子枪进行设计,在高压缩比情况下的设计结果与采用原来Vaughan方法的结果完全一致;而对于低压缩比的情况,也得到了合理的设计,从而解决了原来的Vaughan方法在低压缩比情况下失效的问题,扩大了迭代综合法的应用范围。     

A Three‐Step Method for the Deposition of Large Cuboids of Organic–Inorganic Perovskite and Application in Solar Cells

A three‐step method for the deposition of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite films with a high crystalline structure and large cuboid overlayer morphology is reported. The method includes PbI₂ deposition, which is followed by dipping into a solution of C₄H₉NH₃I (BAI) and (BA)₂PbI₄ perovskite formation. In the final step, the poorly thermodynamically stable (BA)₂PbI₄ phase converts into the more stable CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite by dipping into a solution of CH₃NH₃I. The final product is characterized by XRD, SEM, UV/Vis, and photoluminescence analysis methods. The experimental results indicate that the prepared perovskite has cuboids with high crystallinity and large sizes (up to 1 μm), as confirmed by XRD and SEM data. Photovoltaic investigations show that the three‐step method results in higher solar cell efficiency (15 % enhancement in efficiency) with a better reproducibility than the conventional two‐step deposition method.