N,N-二甲基-γ-氨丙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷ASO-121的合成、表征与膜形态

用八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）与N，N-二甲基-γ-氨丙基-γ-氨丙基二甲氧基硅烷等进行聚合反应，合成了一种N，N-二甲基-γ-氨丙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷（ASO-121）柔软剂，用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、原子力显微镜等仪器对其结构和成膜形态进行了研究。结果表明，ASO-121能在棉纤维织物和单晶硅表面形成疏水膜，该膜表面略显粗糙，在2μm^2扫描范围内其均方根粗糙度达到了0．226nm。     

MBTH法测定织物中的微量甲醛

研究了MBTH法测定织物中微量甲醛的原理及条件．甲醛与MBTH反应形成嗪，嗪与MBTH的氧化产物反应生成青蓝色化合物，该青蓝色化合物在635nm处有最大吸收，在最佳条件下甲醛的检出限为0．00l8μg／mL.利用此法测定织物中甲醛的含量，相对标准偏差为0％-2.5％，回收率为96％-105％，结果满意．     

Suction Induced Effects on the Fabric of a Structured Soil

This paper presents the mathematical modelling of the modification of the pore space geometry of a structured soil subjected to suction increase. Structured soil concepts are first introduced considering different fabric units, such as aggregates and fissures. The numerical modelling of the structural evolution is based on experimental test results in which the evolution of the structure of the samples subjected to different suctions is determined using the mercury intrusion porosimetry technique. From this information, the macro and micropore volume evolutions are determined. The results show that drying produces a reduction in the soil total porosity which mainly corresponds to a reduction of the macropore volume. Associated with this phenomenon, an increase in micropore volume is also observed. The proposed model divides pore size distribution into three pore classes (micropores, macropores and non-affected areas). Using the concept of a suction-influenced domain, the proposed model is able to reproduce the main observed fabric evolution between the saturated and dry states.     

聚氨酯改性氟代聚丙烯酸酯的合成、表征与膜形态

在二月桂酸二丁基锡(T-12)作用下,将1,6-已二异氰酸酯(HDI)与聚乙二醇(PEG-200)在70℃反应合成—NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚体(PU),然后滴加甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(RfAA)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPAA)和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)在甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)溶液中聚合反应4～6 h,再经丁酮肟(EtAO)封端,制得了一种新型聚氨酯改性氟代聚丙烯酸酯易去污整理剂(FPUA)。用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对FPUA的结构、成膜形态及应用性能进行了研究。结果表明:FPUA在亲水性纤维织物和单晶硅表面均能形成非单一结构的疏水膜。该膜附着在纤维表面,能使处理后织物表面水的静态接触角达到146.5°,色拉油的接触角达到132°,且易去污效果良好。     

Synthesis of n-alkylated quaternary ammonium chitosan and its long-term antibacterial finish for rabbit hair fabric

In this work, n-alkyl chitosan (N-CTS) was obtained by alkylation modification of chitosan with n-butylaldehyde using Schiff alkali method. The etherifying agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl triethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC-ethyl) was synthesized from triethylamine and epichlorohydrin. The N-CTS and CHPTAC-ethyl were etherized to finally synthesize n-alkyl quaternary ammonium chitosan (N-CCTS). Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ¹³CNMR were used to characterize the surface morphology and chemical structure. Viscosity method and spectrophotometry were used to determine its physical and chemical properties. The etherification reaction mechanism was studied systematically and the influence of reaction conditions on the degree of substitution and solubility of N-CCTS was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of N-CCTS against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was both 0.15 g/L, which was superior to the MIC value of natural chitosan. N-CCTS was used to finish rabbit hair fabric with citric acid as cross-linking agent and sodium hypophosphite as catalyst. The antibacterial and washing resistance of the product were investigated. After 25 times of washing, the antibacterial rate of N-CCTS against E. coli and S. aureus remained stable at about 90%, and the antibacterial rate was higher than that of N-CTS and natural chitosan, and it was a kind of natural polymer long-acting antibacterial finishing agent for rabbit hair fabric.     

超声波在棉织物退煮漂一浴法中的应用

利用超声波技术对棉织物进行退煮漂,采用正交试验法研究了超声波退煮漂一浴法的工艺,最佳的工艺条件为：超声波功率50W,超声波退煮漂一浴时间30min,温度70℃,表面活性剂（DLEO9）浓度6g/L,NaOH浓度20g/L。在此条件下,棉织物的退浆率、毛细管效应能达到常规一浴退煮漂较长时间（60min）和高温（90℃）的效果,且织物的强力损失小。超声波的使用能显著地缩短退煮漂时间和降低退煮漂温度。     

Plasma enhanced CVD of SiOxCyHz thin film on different textile fabrics: Influence of exposure time on the abrasion resistance and mechanical properties

In order to improve textile fabric abrasion resistance, in this work a SiO_xC_yH_z thin film was realized by low pressure plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) at room temperature, using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as precursor compound. To test changes in the performance properties of the surface finished samples as a function of the type of the substrate, the deposition was carried out on different textile fabrics. The polymerization processes were followed by weight measurements of textile fabrics. It was found that, after PCVD, a significantly lower fabric weight loss was observed on treated samples after rubbing than on the untreated samples. The morphology, elemental composition and type of chemical bonding present in the film applied on textile fabrics were also investigated using electron scanning microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and infrared spectroscopy techniques (FT-IR (ATR)). The results showed a substantial enhancement of wear resistance for the surfaces modified with the presented process, while tensile and tearing strength were adversely affected.     

Tensile properties of ligno-cellulosic fabrics coated with styrenated polyester resin

Ligno-cellulosic fabrics from the tree Hildegardia populifolia were coated with styrenated polyester resin, and their tensile strength, elastic modulus, and the percent elongation at break were determined. The effects of sodium hydroxide and a silane-coupling agent on the tensile properties of the fabric were also studied. It was observed that the tensile strength and the modulus decreased whereas the percent elongation at break increased with coating. The coupling agent improved the properties of the untreated and polyester-coated fabric, but a reverse trend was observed when the fabric was treated with sodium hydroxide. The possible reasons for this behavior are discussed.     

聚酯机织物吸声性能研究

分析了聚酯纤维机织物在背后有空气层时的吸声频谱规律以及测试时材料对管内驻波的影响。将传统吸声材料的Zwikker和Costen理论、毛细管吸声理论、微穿孔板吸声理论以及穿孔板共振吸声理论应用于材料特性分析,发现Zwikker和Costen理论可以定性的给出与实测情况相吻合的材料吸声系数随频率的变化规律。穿孔板共振吸声理论可以推导出与实测情况很接近的材料第一吸声峰值频率。另外,毛细管吸声理论和微穿孔板吸声理论不适合于背后有空气层时聚酯纤维织物的吸声情况。     

Imparting durable antimicrobial properties to cotton fabrics using quaternary ammonium salts through 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-chloro-triazine adduct

A 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-chloro-triazine adduct was successfully synthesized in a laboratory scale and treated with cotton fabrics in order to increase the anionic sites and thereby % exhaustion of cationic compounds. Two Quaternary Ammonium Salts (QAS) was investigated namely, Cetylpyridinum chloride (CPC) and Benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammonium chloride (BDHAC) which are widely accepted as strong antimicrobial agents. The reaction mechanism involved in the synthesis of the reactive adduct as well its application to cotton fabric were demonstrated in detail. The effects of application parameters, namely pH, temperature and liquor ratio were examined. The reaction efficiency was determined through monitored % exhaustion of the adduct by cotton fabric. Antimicrobial activity of the treated cotton sample was studied against Staphylococcus aureus according to AATCC test method 100-1999. Results obtained show that the treated fabric shows higher antimicrobial activity compared with the untreated fabric. The results depict also that % exhaustion decreases as the pH, temperature and liquor ratio increase. Moreover, the appropriate predictable empirical models were developed using Excel solver function incorporating interaction effects of all variables to predict the % exhaustion and the satisfactory results (R² > 0.98) were obtained.