Proper efficiency with respect to cones

Strict separation by a cone is used here to redefine proper efficiency. Two versions of the properness, which unify and generalize known definitions, are presented. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the set of properly efficient decisions and characterization of this set in terms of the supports of the decision set are given.The research was done while the author was a visiting professor at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.     

接触问题中的快速凝缩消元法

用分离解法求解弹性接触问题时，在增量加载和迭代过程中，由于接触区某些节点的状态发生改变而导致方程组的系数矩阵某些行和列元素随之变化。根据此特点，本推导了一种新的自适应迭代算法-快速凝缩消元法，并给出具体的迭代步骤，避免了系数矩阵变化时必须重新形成矩阵的重复计算。     

Exotic Localized Coherent Structures of New (2+1)-Dimensional Soliton Equation

The variable separation approach is used to obtain localized coherent structures of the new (2 1)-dimensional nonlinear partialdifferential equation. Applying the Backlund transformation and introducing the arbitraryfunctions of the seed solutions, the abundance of the localized structures of this model are derived. Some special types ofsolutions solitoff, dromions, dromion lattice, breathers and instantons are discussed by selecting the arbitrary functionsappropriately. The breathers may breath in their amplititudes, shapes, distances among the peaks and even the numberof the peaks.     

PARTICULATE CONCENTRATION ENRICHMENT OF PRIMARY AIR IN PULVERIZED COAL BOILERS

Particulate concentration enrichment (PCE) of primary air favors flame ignition and stabilization, and the reduction of NOx emission in pulverized coal combustion. The methods used for PCE are summarized in five categories:Cyclone PCE, Elbow PCE, Blunt-body PCE, Hydrodynamic PCE and Swirling PCE. Practice of each PCE method is illustrated with typical burners and the associated pros and cons are discussed. It is found that the same principle prevails in all PCE methods, that is, due to inertial difference, solid particles preferentially decelerate and separate from the gas stream when the main flow deviates in flow orientation. From analysis of various P-C burners, PCE design is deemed to yet comprise “rule of thumb” practice. Some discussions regarding PCE application are given.     

To the question on radiationless transitions in electronically excited zones of molecular crystals

A model is proposed describing the dynamics of radiationless transitions in the energy zones corresponding to excited electronic states in molecular crystals. In this model, the migration effect is explicitly reflected, which initially appears under pulse excitation of the systems with a periodical structure of a density distribution of states in separate parts of molecular crystals.     

中药土鳖虫溶栓成分的分离纯化研究

对土鳖虫水浸醇沉提取物2号样品进行了离子交换柱层析，得组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。实验结果表明，组分Ⅲ的溶栓活性明显高于组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ，其蛋白质占量为88．9％，分子量约为38，018，效价为313UK／mg，比活力为352UK／mg蛋白。将组分Ⅲ再进行凝胶过滤柱层析，得组分Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ。组分Ⅵ的生物活性高于组分Ⅳ和组分Ⅴ，蛋白质含量为89．3％，电泳呈现两条带，分子量约为34，623和39，811，效价为77UK／mg，比活力为86UK／mg蛋白。将组分Ⅵ进行反相高效液相色谱柱层析，收集保留时间为17min的洗脱峰，得到土鳖虫纯蛋白质，呈白色絮状，极易溶于水。再一次用反相高效液相色谱检查其纯度，保留时间为17．073min．无杂质峰。纤溶活性实验结果表明，组分Ⅵ既有直接降解纤维蛋白的作用，同时也有纤溶酶原激活剂样作用。     

Convergence properties of high-Reynolds-number separated flow calculations

The convergence properties of an iterative solution technique for the Reduced Navier–Stokes equations are examined for two-dimensional steady subsonic flow over bump and trough geometries. Techniques for decreasing the sensitivity to the initial pressure approximation, for fine meshes in particular, are investigated. They are shown to improve the robustness of the relaxation process and to decrease the computational work required to obtain a converged solution. A semi-coarsening multigrid technique that has previously been found to be particularly advantageous for high-Reynolds-number (Re) flows with flow separation and with highly stretched surface-normal grids is applied herein to further accelerate convergence. Solutions are obtained for the laminar flow over a trough that is more severe than has been considered to date. Sufficient axial grid refinement in this case leads to a shock-like reattachment and, for sufficiently large Re, to a local ‘divergence’ of the numerical computations. This ‘laminar flow breakdown’ appears to be related to an instability associated with high-frequency fine-grid modes that are not resolvable with the present modelling. This behaviour may be indicative of dynamic stall or of incipient transition. The breakdown or instability is shown to be controllable by suitable introduction of transition turbulence models or by laminar flow control, i.e. small amounts of wall suction. This lends further support to the hypothesis that the instability is of a physical rather than numerical character and suggests that full three-dimensional analysis is required to properly capture the flow behaviour. Another inference drawn from this investigation is that there is a need for careful grid refinement studies in high-Re flow computations, since coarser grids may yield oscillation-free solutions that cannot be obtained on finer grids.     

Reversed-phase HPLC separation of the enantiomers of denopamine after derivatization with GITC chiral reagent

Summary A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to determine the optical purity of denopamine, which is a new cardiotonic agent having an asymmetric carbon in a molecule. The enantiomers were converted to diastereomeric thiourea derivatives using 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl--D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC) reagent. Separation of the enantiomers of denopamine as diastereomers was successfully achieved by reversed-phase HPLC within 10 min using an ODS column and UV detection. Derivatization of denopamine proceeded rapidly under the alkaline conditions and the ambient temperature. This method was applied to the determination of the optical purity of denopamine drug substances and those in tablets. The favorable UV absorption of the derivatives enabled the optical antipode to be determined down to the 0.2% level.     

Preparation of active ribosomal proteins by HPLC

Summary The proteins of the large ribosomal subunit fromEscherichia coli have been separated by size-exclusion, ion-exchange and reversed-phase high-performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC) using various buffer systems. The biological activity of the isolated proteins was tested via their ability to assemble into active 50S subunits (total reconstitution). The activity of the reconstituted subunits was measured with poly(U)-dependent poly-(Phe) synthesis. Reversed-phase HPLC techniques yielded active proteins (80–100%) by application of 2-propanol or acetonitrile. Proteins prepared by size-exclusion chromatography employing ammonium acetate as buffer also gave highly active proteins (70%). On the other hand, separation of the proteins on ion-exchange columns, using urea containing buffers, resulted in reduced activity (up to 50%).