吸热型碳氢燃料RP3仿JP7临界性质（tc、pc）的测定

建立了一套低停留时间流动法测定物质临界性质的实验装置，样品在加热区停留10s~50s,有效的抑制了被测流体的热分解和热聚合反应。采用正戊烷、正己烷及环己烷为标准物对装置进行了可靠性校验，测定了RP-3和仿JP-7两种吸热燃料的临界温度和压力。同时选用了四种以体积平均沸点和相对密度为主要参数的估算方法，对燃料的临界性质进行了估算，比较了实验值与估算值的偏差,表明API(American Petroleum Institute) 方法 和 Riazi Daubert关联式相对较准确。     

Posidonomia shales (FRG) and their relation to humic substances

Summary We have used capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to characterize extracts of Posidonomia shales and of fossil wood (gagat) found in these shales. Samples were obtained from Dotternhausen oil shale formation (FRG) belonging to LIAS-epsilon (Toarcien). Identified components are n-alkanes (C₇ to C₂₇), isoprenoid hydrocarbons (like pristane and phytane) and cycloalkanes with 6 to 9 carbon atoms. Aromatic hydrocarbons were also found in the low boiling fraction of extracts of fossil wood. To obtain more detailed information about genesis and maturity of the Dotternhausen sediments we also applied Cross Polarisation Magic Angle Spin-¹³C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP/MAS-¹³C-NMR) spectroscopy. We compared the solid state spectra of fossil wood out of Posidonomia shales with the solid state¹³C-NMR-spectra of humic substances of different age and different origin. We found that the solid state spectra of humic substances of increasing age and the solid state spectra of fossil wood show striking similarity. The results are discussed with respect to the maturity of the Dotternhausen sediments and the genesis of fossil fuels where humic substances may act as intermediates. Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chromatography, Nürnberg, October 1984     

生物质利用新途径:多元醇催化合成可再生燃料和化学品

日益严重的全球性能源和环境问题促使开发利用可再生的生物质资源成为当前研究的一个热点.本文概述了生物质基多元醇合成燃料和化学品来实现生物质转化利用的一些最新进展,特别是集中介绍了甘油和山梨醇等多元醇催化水相重整合成氢气和液体烃等燃料、催化选择氢解和氧化合成高附加值化学品或化学中间体等方面的进展,分析了存在的问题和可能的解决措施以及今后的发展趋势,指出生物质基多元醇将成为今后合成可再生燃料和化学品的新型平台分子.     

Dealuminated ZSM—5 Zeolite Catalyst for Ethylene Oligomerization to Liquid Fuels

Ethylene oligomerization using ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated to study the role of Broensted acid sites in the formation of higher hydrocarbons,The oligomeriztion of olefins,dependent on the acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite ,is an important step in the conversion of natural gas to liquied fuels,The framework Si/Al ratio reflects the number of potential acid sites and the acid strength of the ZSM-5 catalyst,ZSM-5 with the mole ratio SiO2/Al2O3 equal to 30 was dealuminated for different periods of time according to the acidic ion-exchange method to produce ZSM-5 with various Si/Al ratios,The FT-IR analysis revealed that the integrated framework aluminum band,non-framework aluminum band,and silanol groups areas of the ZSM-5 zeolites decreased after being dealuminated,The performanc of the dealuminated zeolite was tested for ethylene oligomerization.The results demonstrated that the dealumination of ZSM-5 led to higher ethylene conversion,but the gasoline selectivity was reduced compared to the performance of a ZSM-5 zeolite ,The characterization results revealed the amount of aluminum in the zeolitic framework,the crystallinity of the ZSM-5 zeolite,and the Si/Al ration affected the formation of Broensted acid sites,The number of the Broensted acid sites on the catalyst active sites is important in the olefin conversion to liquied hydrocarbons.     

Control parameters of flame spreading in a fuel container

The processes involved in flame spreading over liquid fuels are subject of this work. A heat and momentum transfer analysis has been undertaken for fuel temperatures below the flash-point that confirms (within this range of temperatures studied in this work) that flame spreading is assisted by a convection pattern ahead of the flame. This assistance mechanism, which is not observed for solid fuels, is the origin (for lower temperatures) of a pulsating behaviour of the flame. A first experimental determination of the characteristic horizontal length of this assistance zone will be given. The analysis of our data lead us to conclude that flame spreading can be reduced by simultaneously preventing the formation of the convection zone and reducing the fuel surface temperature.     

乳化油滴微爆规律的研究

本文分析了微爆研究中存在的问题，分别用实验与理论方法研究了乳化油滴的微爆规律．利用局部混合分阶段模型，结合微爆条件及判断微爆的指标，预报的微爆与实验相吻合，说明了模型的合理性．分析了多种因素对微爆的影响，发现柴油机内细小乳化油液的微爆很难达到．     

Benzene elimination from reformate gasoline by high pressure hydrogenation in a fixed-bed reactor

The reduction of benzene from benzene-rich real gasoline fractions has been studied in a high-pressure fixed-bed reactor using a Pt/TiO₂ catalyst. It was found that the yield of this process decreases with the toluene content in the feedstock, but it is independent of the kind of the saturated hydrocarbons. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

重油掺水乳化分散度的研究

70年代以来人们研究和开发了油掺水乳化燃烧的新技术 ,包括油水乳化方法和高效表面活性剂的研制[1～ 3] ,并在燃油设备上使用了这一技术。此外 ,国内外学者对重油掺水燃烧技术的燃烧机理进行了较多的研究[4 ,5] ,对乳化重油分散体系性质系统实验研究较少。工业炉窑燃用掺水乳化重油效果的好坏 ,除了与其粘度、稳定性有关外[6,7] ,与乳化重油的分散相(水 )微粒大小也有很大关系。水在油中分散得越均匀 ,分散的颗粒越微细 ,其在燃烧过程中的“微爆”效果则越佳 ,雾化效果越好 ;并且 ,分散体系中分散相颗粒粒径与比表面积的大小也决定着分散相…     

磁化后掺水乳化重油分散度的实验研究

乳化重油的分散相（水）微粒大小对重油掺水乳化燃烧技术的应用效果有很大影响,本人在过去实验的基础上,用光学反射显微镜法对磁场作用下掺水乳化重油中分散相（水）的分散度进行了测定,研究了乳化重油的分散度与磁场强度、温度以及流速之间的关系,实验结果表明：磁化后有利于乳化重油的微细化,且效果比较显著;温度的升高有利于分散相（水）的微细化,兼顾能耗和燃油的发泡、沸腾现象,以及磁化后温度的升高对分散度的影响减少,有一个合理的温度范围;磁化后分散度与流速的关系呈峰值关系,本实验中流速较佳值为8m/s;磁场强度的增大也有利于微细化,磁场强度太高或太低均不会取得太好的处理效果,在1000GS－1400GS范围内为宜。     

磁场作用下乳化重油稳定性的实验研究

燃油磁化燃烧技术是一种新的燃烧技术 ,目前以日本发展较快[1,2 ] ,其节能效果也已为实践所证实[3～ 5] 。我们知道 ,掺水乳化重油稳定性好 ,燃烧状况就稳定 ;稳定性差 ,油水在进入炉膛燃烧前就已分层 ,不但起不到“微爆”效果 ,而且严重时导致熄火。作者曾对未磁化乳化重油的粘度、稳定性和分散度进行了实验研究[6～ 8] ,丘纪华等学者[9～ 11] 对磁化技术在石油、化工、燃料等方面的作用机理及应用进行了一定的研究 ,但是重油掺水乳化后再经磁化处理后其稳定性发生怎样的变化 ,尚未见实验报道。因此 ,为了更好地发挥这一技术的节油和环保效…