电沉积制备金属锡薄膜负极材料及其电化学性能研究

通过电沉积法,控制电流密度在铜箔上得到不同形貌的金属锡薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、恒流充放电测试、循环伏安、交流阻抗法对其进行物理和电化学性能表征。结果表明:当电流密度为2 mA/cm²,所得金属锡薄膜表面最为致密,结晶度最高;将其作为负极材料组装成CR2025扣式电池,首次放电比容量为752 mAh/g,库伦效率为81.65%;30个循环后,放电比容量仍然维持在350 mAh/g。此外,该金属锡薄膜电极具有较高的电子导电性和锂离子扩散能力,其电荷转移电阻和锂离子扩散系数分别为113.3 Ω和8.968×10^-17 cm²/s。     

Facile synthesis and electrochemical properties of a novel Ni-B/TiC composite coating via ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition

A novel Ni-B/TiC composite coating was synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted direct current electrodeposition. Ultrasonic technology was adopted to prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticle, improve the structure and corrosion resistance, using an ultrasonic bath at frequency 40 KHz and acoustic power 300 W. The influences of current density and deposition time on its structure and electrochemical behaviors were studied. Under ultrasonic dispersion, the composite coatings are smooth, compact with protrusion structure sparsely distributed on it. The average roughness (S_a) was about 13.6–26.1 nm. The crystallite size is 10–21 nm. The preferred orientation is Ni (1 1 1) texture. EIS results indicated that the corrosion resistance was greatly improved by ultrasonic-assisted method. The corrosion mechanism is consistent with one-time constant EEC model of R_s(CPE_dlR_ct). With the increase of immersion time, the R_ct of the composite coating often first increased and then decreased. Under ultrasonic, current density 2 A dm⁻² and deposition time 20 min were the appropriate parameters for the optimal corrosion resistance and excellent long-term electrochemical stability in 3.5 wt% NaCl corrosive solution. This coating shows good application prospect for corrosion protection in aggressive environment.     

Cu@PtCu催化薄膜的构筑及氧还原催化性能研究

采用喷涂或转印方法制备的质子交换膜燃料电池催化层存在活性不均匀或活性位点易失效的问题。本研究用静电纺丝法制备高导电性的柔性碳纳米纤维薄膜,然后将析氢电位较高的Cu以脉冲电沉积的方式均匀沉积到纤维膜上,制备出Cu纳米晶/碳纳米纤维膜,最后通过原位置换还原,合成Cu@PtCu/碳纳米纤维(Cu@PtCu/CNF)催化薄膜。Cu@PtCu/CNF催化薄膜解决了催化层活性不均的问题,且可以直接作为催化层使用。采用SEM、XRD、XPS等对其形貌、结构进行了表征。电化学测试结果表明,在pH=4、氯铂酸浓度为0.25 mg·mL^-1时获得的Cu@PtCu/CNF催化薄膜,其面积比活性为49 m²·g^-1。在5 000个循环的稳定性测试后,电化学活性比表面积保持74%,半波电位下降了9 mV,均优于商业Pt/C催化剂。     

Photosensitive layers of TiO2/polythiophene composites prepared by electrodeposition

We adopted an electrophoretic deposition method for the preparation of thin layers of insoluble composite nanoparticles composed of TiO₂ core and about 2 nm thick shell of polythiophene, prepared by oxidative polymerization of thiophene. The reduced form of TiO₂-polythiophene composite material was deposited on the conductive surface from an ultrasonically generated microdispersion. Varying the dispersion media, applied voltage and the electrode arrangement made it possible to control the quality and morphology of the films. Compact semitransparent films deposited on ITO electrodes, suitable for photoelectrical measurements, were obtained within short deposition times.     

Electroanalytical performance of a Bismuth/Antimony composite glassy carbon electrode in detecting lead and cadmium

This work reports on the electroanalytical performance of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with antimony and bismuth (Sb/Bi-GCE) in detecting heavy metal ions using lead and cadmium as model analytes. The electroanalytical performance of the Sb/Bi-GCE surface was compared to the bismuth modified glassy carbon electrode (Bi-GCE) as well as the antimony modified glassy carbon electrode (Sb-GCE). The Sb/Bi-GCE exhibited excellent figures of merit compared to Bi-GCE and Sb-GCE surfaces. For example, the limit of detection for lead was 0.01 ppb using Sb/Bi-GCE and 0.1 and 1 ppb on Bi-GCE and Sb-GCE, respectively.     

n型Bi_2Te_(3-y)Se_y温差电材料薄膜的电化学制备及表征

采用电化学控电位的方法在不锈钢基片上电沉积制备了Bi2Te3-ySey温差电材料薄膜。研究了电沉积溶液中硒含量与薄膜中硒含量的关系,考察了不同沉积电位对电沉积Bi2Te3-ySey薄膜的温差电性能的影响,并采用ESEM、EDS、XRD等方法对电沉积薄膜的形貌、成分及结构进行了分析。结果表明,在含有Bi3 、HTeO2 和Se4 的电沉积溶液中,采用电化学沉积的方法,可实现铋、碲、硒三元共沉积,生成Bi2Te3-ySey半导体化合物。改变电沉积溶液组成,可控制Bi2Te3-ySey化合物中硒的掺杂浓度。-0.04V沉积电位下制备的Bi2Te3-ySey薄膜较平整、致密,组成为Bi2Te2.7Se0.3。退火处理可提高电沉积Bi2Te3-ySey薄膜的塞贝克系数,且控制沉积电位为-0.04V下制备的Bi2Te3-ySey薄膜退火后的塞贝克系数为-123μV·K-1。