高平均功率固体激光及其大气传输

固体激光器是一种具有重要应用背景的高功率激光器,对包括激光波长、光束发射口径、发射功率、光束质量等在内的激光器参数的选择进行了分析,研究了大气介质的光学性质、激光大气传输效应以及激光辐射与靶目标的耦合机制与耦合效率等因素的影响.相关结果表明100 kW的固体激光器的综合效能可与2～3倍平均输出功率的DF化学激光器相当,这说明高平均功率固体激光器是一种具有潜在优势和良好发展前景的高功率激光器.     

强湍流效应下激光大气传输短曝光光斑统计分析

利用数值模拟的方法,对强湍流效应下激光大气传输焦平面短曝光光斑的统计特性进行了初步分析,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明:在强湍流效应下,焦平面短曝光光斑破碎成一系列的小光斑,这些破碎光斑的等效半径与爱里斑半径近似相等;接收器中心置于光轴轴心处,当接收孔径等于爱里斑直径时,接收的均值光强最大。     

减压氩气下基体对激光微等离子体电子温度的影响

以激光微区发射光谱分析仪结合CCD光栅光谱仪为装置，采用二谱线法，以FeⅠ356.54nm和FeⅠ358.12 nm为分析线，在减压氩气下，测量了镁基体、铝基体、硅基体和低碳钢标样6-0中的激光微等离子体的电子温度及其空间分布，给出了相同基体中微等子体电子温度的空间变化趋势和不同基体中相同空间位置处的电子温度的差异并进行了分析.利用测量的结果，以CuⅠ324.75 nm和ZnⅠ334.50 nm为分析线，从电子温度角度探索了两分析谱线相对强度的基体效应，给出了合理的解释. 关键词： 激光微等离子体 电子温度 减压氩气 基体     

大气消光特性与机载激光雷达眼睛安全关系的研究

依据美国ANSI标准，定量分析了气溶胶、卷云和沙尘的垂直消光特性对机载激光雷达激光脉冲眼睛安全最大阈值能量的影响；以地基激光雷达探测得到的合肥上空沙尘暴为例，定量给出了大气中各成分消光特性对飞机眼睛安全最低高度的影响；模拟计算了各种大气成分的消光特性对激光脉冲眼睛安全系数的影响随高度的变化规律。计算结果表明：沙尘层对激光脉冲眼睛安全最大阈值能量的影响幅度可达几十毫焦。该结果为我国第一台机载大气探测激光雷达激光脉冲能量设置提供了基本依据。     

环境气氛作用下煤灰在刚玉质耐火板上的表面结渣行为

采用了扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射等方法对不同环境气氛下熔融煤灰在刚玉耐火板上煅烧渣样进行了测试，并就渣样的形貌、成分分布及与刚玉质耐火板之间的高温烧结特性进行了分析研究。研究结果表明，氧化性气氛下，碱性氧化物促进了煤灰在刚玉耐火板上的黏结作用，特别是Al含量较高的耐火板更有利于促进其发生共晶反应。还原性条件下，煤灰中生成的FeO具有很强的助熔效果，促使矿物之间产生低熔点的共熔物，同时Fe、Cr、Ti的扩散偏析减弱，加强了熔融煤灰对耐火板的黏结作用。     

Propagation properties of a partially polarized electromagnetic twist anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model beam in turbulent atmosphere

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral formula, analytical formulae for the elements of cross-spectral density matrix of partially polarized electromagnetic twist anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model (TAGSM) beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere can been derived by a tensor method. Our main attention was focus on the effect of the atmospheric turbulence, twist parameters and partial coherence on the spectral degree of polarization, the spectral degree of coherence and the spectral density. Numerical calculation results and analysis are given.     

The international space year: Priorities and perspectives

Summary Principal purposes of the International Space Year (ISY) have been discussed. In view of the increasing significance of ecological problems it is becoming clear that there have to be two key directions of the ISY programmes: 1) various problems relevant to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (global climate change, global biosphere dynamics, regional ecological problems: desertification, forest decline, acid rains etc.); 2) comparative planetology. One of the most urgent problems is connected with the accomplishment, of the ?Mission to Planet Earth? which has to be based on the creation of an optimal global system of satellite and conventional ecological observations (especially for various typical ecosystems). Studies of the other planets have to be coordinated with requirements of further investigations in the field of the Earth's ecology.     

Hemilabile‐coordinated copper promoted amination of aryl halides with ammonia in aqueous ethylene glycol under atmosphere pressure

Direct amination of aryl iodides and bromides with ammonia under 1 atm pressure has been effected using in situ‐generated hemilabile coordinated copper(I) species from copper(I) halides or copper metal in aqueous ethylene glycol, producing primary aromatic amines in good yields. Ammonia pressure and water were found to accelerate the copper‐mediated reaction while strong chelating ligands showed a suppression effect. A rationale for the copper‐mediated amination of aryl halides with ammonia is given based on a double‐face role of chelating effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO P_(co_2) EVOLUTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE BASED ON ASSOCIATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY MINERALS

Based on the theory of pH evolution of sea water and the balance between the seawater and the atmosphere the authors discussed the problems about (i) the method ofcalculating P_(CO_2) in the ancient atmosphere with the associations of sedimentary miner-als; (ii) the evolution of P_(CO_2) values in the geologic history; (iii) the relations of thepH evolution of sea water with carbonate precipitations; and (iv) calculation of the pHlimit for some associations of sedimentary minerals and its corresponding P_(CO_2) valuesin the atmosphere. The authors pointed out that though carbonates had deposited little in the Archaean,the content of CO_2 gas in the Archaean atmosphere was very high and was gradually go-ing up to form a thick CO_2 atmosphere. Up to 2600 Ma ago, the P_(CO_2) had reached a gradeof 10- 50 atm. There was a general trend of evolution that from the early Proterozoicera to the present the depositional horizon of carbonate layers was gradually risingand finally surpassed the horizons of clay min     

大气运动非线性稳定性研究中的能量-Casimir方法

介绍使用能量－Ｃａｓｉｍｉｒ方法（Ａｒｎｏｌ＇ｄ方法）研究大气与海洋运动非线性稳定性所取得的若干新进展，建立了适用于有限振幅、任意空间结构扰动的非线性稳定性判据．用初始状态给出了扰动场在任意时刻的上界与下界估计，提供了关于扰动变化性态的有关信息．对该领域理论研究与应用的深化与发展问题也作了讨论．