Pseudopolyrotaxanes of Cucurbit[6]uril: A Three‐Dimensional Network Self‐assembled by ClO4−(H2O)2 Water Clusters

A pseudorotaxane of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) with guest molecule N,N′‐hexamethylenebis (pyrazinyl perchlorate) (BPHP) was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR spectra, IR, single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The structure of the pseudorotaxane (CB[6]·BPHP) is stabilized by host‐guest hydrogen bonds. Self‐assembly of the pseudorotaxane produces infinite one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional networks with intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In the molecular packing of the CB[6]·BPHP, ClO₄^?(H₂O)₂ water clusters serve as bridges to associate these pseudorotaxanes and form three‐dimensional networked pseudopolyrotaxane.     

Preparation of hollow composite spheres with raspberry‐like structure based on hydrogen‐bonding interaction

The hollow composite spheres with a raspberry‐like structure were prepared by a self‐assemble heterocoagulation based on the inter‐particle hydrogen‐bonding interaction between the amide groups of hollow poly (N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide‐co‐N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (P(MBA‐co‐NIPAAm)) microspheres and the carboxylic acid groups of poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (P(EGDMA‐co‐MAA)) nanoparticles, in which P(EGDMA‐co‐MAA) nanoparticle acted as the corona and the hollow P(MBA‐co‐NIPAAm) microsphere behaved as the core. The control coverage of the corona particles on the surface of hollow core microspheres of P(MBA‐co‐NIPAAm)/P(EGDMA‐co‐MAA) hollow composite sphere was studied in detail through adjustment of the mass ratio between the core and corona particles. The effect of the pH on the stability of the raspberry‐like hollow spheres was investigated. The polymer particles and the resultant heterocoagulated raspberry‐like hollow spheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

量子点激子超辐射的条件和量子点集合的相干辐射

半导体量子点的激子超辐射出现的条件是本文激子超辐射的理论研究中的重点,我们的理论推导结果揭示要观测到半导体量子点的激子超辐射必须采用短于百飞秒的激发源。我们用ZnO单量子点观察到激子超辐射,同时测量和分析讨论了量子点集合的相干辐射性质,发现单量子点超辐射的二次方泵浦与辐射强度关系被大量量子点间的线性递增所掩盖。     

水热法制备稳定的发光CdTe材料

采用水热合成技术将表面修饰有羧基的纳米CdTe微粒与表面活性剂和硅源进行自组装,得到了一种与氧化硅复合的稳定的CdTe发光材料.通过一系列表征手段(如TG-DTA,EDX,TEM,荧光光谱和N₂吸附)证实了CdTe微粒复合在氧化硅中.进一步通过烧结的方法除去表面活性剂,用稀酸除去金属氧化物,即得到多孔的氧化硅材料.     

碳纤维基PtSn催化剂直接乙醇燃料电池制备及性能研究

采用自制的碳纤维基PtSn催化剂薄膜作为阳极催化剂,商用Pt/C作为阴极催化剂,Nafion 115膜作为质子交换膜,通过热压制成膜电极,组装平板型直接乙醇燃料单电池,搭建测试系统并进行性能的测试,研究了温度、乙醇浓度、溶液流量、进气流量等参数对DEFC的影响。结果表明,当乙醇溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L、溶液进样流量为1.0 mL/min、溶液温度为80 ℃、氧气进样流量为100 mL/min时结果较优,单电池的最高功率密度达18.2 mW/cm²。     

电容滴定法测定自组装膜表面酸度

利用本实验室自制的电容法时测量装置对巯基丙酸自组装膜的表面酸度进行电容滴定研究，相对于先前的测量和滴定技术。本方法可同时对界面电容值和溶液的PH值进行实时测定。同时对影响电容测定和自组装膜表面pKa值的各种因素进行了详细的讨论。 滴定结果和文献报道相近，证明了测定方法和仪器的可靠性实用性。     

W掺杂SiO2介孔材料的制备与表征

以非离子表面活性剂三嵌段共聚物P123为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源、钨酸钠(Na2WO4·2H2O)为钨源, 通过水热法一步合成了W掺杂的二氧化硅介孔材料W-SiO2, 并通过XRD、HRTEM、EDX、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附等表征手段, 考察了随着W含量增加, W-SiO2介孔材料结构的变化规律以及钨物种在材料中的存在状态. 结果表明, 当WO3含量w(WO3)约为10%时, W-SiO2中的钨物种是高度分散进入介孔骨架,形成W-O-Si 键; 当w(WO3)=20%时, 样品中开始有未掺入到SiO2骨架中WO3的结晶出现; 当w(WO3)约60%时, W-SiO2 样品能保持很好的介孔孔道结构, 更高含量WO3掺入将破坏二氧化硅介孔结构.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties of highly ordered self-assemblies of gold nanorods with different aspect ratios

Gold nanorods with aspect ratios of from 1 (particles) to 31.6 were synthesized by the seed-mediated method and packed in a highly ordered structure on a large scale on silicon substrates through capillary force induced self-assembly behaviour during solvent evaporation.The gold nanorod surface exhibits a strong enhancing effect on Raman scattering spectroscopy.The enhancement of Raman scattering for two model molecules (2-naphthalenethiol and rhodamine 6G) is about 5-6 orders of magnitude.By changing the aspect ratio of the Au nanorods,we found that the enhancement factors decreased with the increase of aspect ratios.The observed Raman scattering enhancement is strong and should be ascribed to the surface plasmon coupling between closely packed nanorods,which may result in huge local electromagnetic field enhancements in those confined junctions.     

一种组件透射式成像光谱仪设计

针对反射式成像光谱系统普遍存在多次反射(和衍射)产生杂散光和装调难度大等问题,设计了一种高性能透射式系统,全部使用通用光学组件,简化了系统结构,降低了成本和装调难度,较传统成像光谱仪有更广的适用范围。该设计中全部部件都非定制,可以根据应用场合更换,具有较好的灵活性,采用透射的方式,减少了杂散光的影响。利用ZEMAX软件仿真、优化了搭配两组不同物镜的系统光路,对畸变、MTF、色差等性能进行测试。对比25和50 mm物镜的系统性能,发现望远镜头的更换对整个系统成像质量的影响不大。参照设计参数成功搭建出一台成像光谱仪,其中望远物镜采用准对称双高斯结构,有利于控制场曲和畸变;采用透射式平面衍射光栅作为分光器件,制作工艺成熟,无需定制,装调简单。光谱分辨率和畸变测试结果显示该系统拥有良好的畸变控制能力,光谱分辨率达到2 nm,满足设计要求,利用标定后的系统测得的氘灯光谱取得了较为理想的结果。