Synthesis of cubic ZrWMoO8 by a melt quenching method

We report a novel approach for fabrication of cubic ZrWMoO₈ applying a melt quenching method. The stoichiometric mixture of ZrO₂, WO₃ and MoO₃ in a 1:1:1 M ratio was melted and quenched at room temperature by pouring the melts between two metal plates. The quenched sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. As quenched material is polyphase contains above 70% ZrWMoO₈. The obtained composite is thermal stable up to 930 °C. The ZrWMoO₈ was indexed as cubic with a lattice parameter a = 9.1263 (3) Å calculated by the “PowderCell” program. By SEM observation it was established that the microstructure of bulk composite material is built up of one-direction orientated agglomerates with cuboid crystal morphology.     

Surface morphology of Ge‐modified 3C‐SiC/Si films

The influence of Ge deposition prior to carbon interaction with 3° off‐axis Si(111) substrates on the structural and morphological properties of the formed silicon carbide (SiC) layer is studied. In situ reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of the cubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) modification. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements revealed a decreasing 3C‐SiC thickness with increasing Ge predeposition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that the surface overlayer morphology is mainly formed by periodic step arrangements whose relevant geometric parameters, i.e. lateral separation, height and terrace width, depend on the Ge content. Besides the changes of the step morphology, the surface roughness and the grain size and the strain of the formed 3C‐SiC decreases with increasing germanium precoverage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Temperature driven morphological changes of hydrothermally prepared copper oxide nanoparticles

The size and shape of nanocrystals have a strong effect on the optical, electrical and catalytic properties. Therefore, controlling the size, shape and structure of nanocrystals is technically important. The controlled synthesis of CuO nanostructures was achieved using a hydrothermal process by simply controlling the precipitation reaction temperature between copper nitrate trihydrate and sodium hydroxide. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), EDS, XRD, and FTIR analysis revealed that the synthesized product at 200 °C is of pure copper oxide particles. From Scherrer formula, the prepared CuO particles varied approximately 3–7 nm in size simply by varying the reaction temperature. The synthesized particles exhibited a regular flake like morphology and had a uniform size distribution. The morphology and size depend on the reaction conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mercury(II) Metal Crown Ether with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Linkage

The mercury(II) metal crown ether ( 2a ) was obtained in high yield by reaction of the carbene precursor 1,2‐bis[N‐(1‐naphthylmethylene)imidazoliumethoxy]benzene dihexafluorophosphate ( 1 ) and Hg(OAc)₂. Addition of NaI to the acetone solution of 2a resulted in precipitation of pale yellow solid 2b . The structures of 2a and 2b were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry. Both molecules display a helical conformation with a torsional cycle. The mercury atom in complex 2a is tricoordinated by two intramolecular carbene carbon atoms and an acetate oxygen atom. The mercury atom in complex 2b is tetracoordinated by two intramolecular carbene carbon atoms and two cis‐iodine atoms.     

光色效应(Fe,Mn)\:LiNbO3晶体非挥发性全息存储中自衍射效应的实验研究

在双掺杂 (Fe ,Mn)…LiNbO3 晶体光色效应非挥发性全息存储实验中 ,观测到光束耦合作用导致的自增强和自衰减效应。根据这种自衍射效应 ,归纳了四种记录和光固定实验组合方案。实验结果表明 ,在记录和光固定过程中利用自增强效应得到的最高衍射效率为利用自衰减效应得到的衍射效率的两倍左右 ,说明在实际应用中必须考虑和利用自增强效应。     

Triacetylcellulose on silica compared with non-dilute triacetylcellulose I as a high-performance liquid chromatographic sorbent

Summary Triacetylcellulose coated on silica is a novel HPLC sorbent introduced for the separation of enantiomers. A comparison of enantioselectivities α, and resolutions R₅ of this material with known pure triacetylcellulose I shows considerable differences. From X-ray wideangle diffraction it is suggested that the novel sorbent also consists of the triacetylcellulose modification I, but its degree of crystallinity is probably lower than that of the non-dilute sorbent. The advantages of the two stationary phases are discussed. Liquid Chromatography on Triacetylcellulose, Part 13. For Part 12, see ref. [1].     

Coadsorption of water and CO molecules on Ru(0 0 1) at high CO coverages: comparisons with a Ru(0 0 1) electrode surface

The coadsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) and water molecules on a Ru(0 0 1) surface has been studied by infrared spectroscopy, LEED and STM. At high CO coverage phases, a 2×2-(2CO+D₂O) structure was observed on both UHV and electrode surfaces. Electrode potential dependent structures from CO and water adlayers on an electrode surface were reproduced on a UHV surface by controlling molecular orientations of the first layer and second over-layer water molecules. At lower CO coverages, a CO band center showed coverage dependent shift down to 1444 cm⁻¹ due to an electron transfer from a lone pair of a water molecule to CO 2π^*.     

Performance evaluation of a wave-front displacement system for vectorial shearing interferometer

We describe a wave-front displacement system using a novel configuration of a pair of wedge prisms. The wave-front propagation, through the displacement system, is analyzed using the exact ray trace. The main advantage, of this configuration, is that the shearing (direction and magnitude) is constant from the displacement system to the image plane. The direction of the shearing depends on the relative orientation of the prisms. The magnitude of the shearing is proportional to the distance between prisms. The proportionality constant depends on the wedge angle and the material of fabrication of the prisms, and it gives the sensitivity to the displacement of the system. The deviation of the shearing due to the difference between the wedge angles is larger than that the produced by the oblique incidence of the wave-front. The experimental results confirm the theoretical data.     

Formation of niobium oxynitrides by rapid thermal processing (RTP)

The potential of rapid thermal processing (RTP) for the preparation of thin films of niobium oxynitrides was investigated. The 200 and 500 nm niobium films were deposited via sputtering on oxidized silicon(1 0 0)- and on sapphire(1 −1 0 2)-substrates. At first, oxidation of niobium films in molecular oxygen and then nitridation in ammonia using an RTP-system was performed. The films were characterized before and after the oxidation and nitridation processes by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The influence of the two different substrates, amorphous SiO₂ and single crystalline sapphire on the reactivity of the niobium films was studied in dependence of temperature, time of reaction and film thickness. The existence of niobium oxynitride formation was verified for some of the films. In some of the experiments, crack formation in the films or even delamination of the Nb-films from the substrates was observed.     

The Infrared Ray Transport in an N-Layered Matched Skin

Infrared ray (IR) has great potential in medical diagnosis and therapy. In order to detect tumor in skin, we set up the steady-state and time domain IR diffusion model of an n-layered matched medium with an infinitely thick. We utilize the diffuse equation to solve a five-layered infinite matched medium and obtain the accurate solution of a matched medium of the steady state and time domain in tissue. We compare the steady-state spatially resolved reflectance calculated with Monte-Carlo simulations. The Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the solution is valid. Our equation can be used to obtain the tumor information in medical diagnosis and therapy.