能量色散型X射线荧光光谱法测定聚合物材料中镉和铅含量

提出了能量色散型X射线荧光光谱测定聚合物材料中镉和铅的测试分析方法及制样技巧。按照仪器分析条件测定同时含有镉和铅的6块不同浓度级别的标准物质来建立校准工作曲线,其线性范围分别在250ug·g-1、1100ug·g-1以内。镉和铅的方法检出限依次为4.7ug·g-1、4.1ug·g-1。该方法应用于测定欧洲标准物质ERM-EC680和ERM-EC681k,其镉和铅的实际测定值与标准物质证书的标称值相符,测定实际样品中的镉和铅的回收率介于90~110%。该方法测定标准物质和实际样品中镉和铅的精密度均小于10%。     

An HPLC method for the determination of selected amino acids in human embryo culture medium

A method for the determination of selected amino acids in culture medium using HPLC with fluorescence detection is described. Twenty hours after intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection, one randomly selected zygote was transferred to the culture medium. After incubation (72 h after fertilization), the culture medium in which the embryo was incubated and blank medium was immediately stored at −80°C. Filtered medium samples were derivatized with ortho ‐phthalaldehyde (naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde), forming highly fluorescent amino acids derivatives. Reverse‐phase columns (LichroCART, Purospher STAR RP_18e or Ascentis Express C₁₈) were used for the separation. The derivatives were analyzed by gradient elution with a mobile phase containing ethanol and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory for all amino acids; the intra‐assay coefficients of variation were <10% and quantitative recoveries were between 95.5 and 104.4%. Changes in the levels of selected amino acids before and after human embryo cultivation were observed. After embryo incubation, the levels of all amino acids in the medium were increased, apart from aspartate and asparagine. After the cultivation of some embryos, amino acids which were not part of the medium were detected. Low amino acids turnover was observed in some embryos.     

基于两平行线及其线上三点的摄像机标定方法

在大视场交通监控摄像机的标定中,由于不便于放置大尺寸标定靶标,常采用交通标线构成的特定几何图形替代标定靶标,但许多交通场景仅有一组平行的车道分界交通标线,难以获得传统标定方法所需的标定约束条件。针对此类交通场景,选取两平行交通标线和其中一条线上的三点作为标定参考物,依靠其中一条线上三点在单幅图像中的像素坐标、三点间的两个距离值及平行线间距作为约束条件来完成摄像机的标定。建立了图像坐标系与世界坐标系之间新的换算关系,推导出了摄像机内外参数的求解公式,探讨了旋转角对测量误差的影响。实验结果表明,在约束条件不足的情况下能够获得较好的摄像机参数近似解,沿道路方向上的测距精度优于对比文献的结果,具有标定参考物选取容易、操作简便、几何约束条件少等优点,适用于交通监控系统中大视场摄像机的快速标定场合。     

开放光程扬尘颗粒物浓度测量方法及系统

利用单波长激光通过扬尘空间发生散射消光衰减的特性,设计了开放光程的颗粒物浓度检测方法及系统。该方法利用双峰正态分布模型模拟颗粒物粒径分布,实时计算一定空间范围内的扬尘颗粒物浓度,具有响应速度快、测量动态范围宽的优点,适合浓度高、变化快、空间范围大的扬尘颗粒物浓度测量。通过水溶胶模拟实验与烟尘实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验数据表明,系统量程可达0~400mg/m3,分辨率为0.05mg/m3,响应时间小于1s。     

Sensitive and selective detection of alcohols via fluorescence modulation

Reported herein is the selective detection of aliphatic alcohols using cyclodextrin-promoted, proximity-induced fluorescence modulation of a high-quantum yield fluorophore. This fluorescence modulation occurred when the analyte was held in close proximity to the fluorophore via non-covalent cyclodextrin–analyte–fluorophore interactions, and led to unique modulation responses for each analyte, fluorophore and cyclodextrin investigated. These changes in fluorescence were used for the generation of an array using linear discriminant analysis that successfully generated unique pattern identifiers for 99% of the investigated analytes, and could detect alcohols at micromolar concentrations. These results represent a fundamentally new detection approach for these challenging analytes, and have significant potential in the development of novel detection schemes.     

Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins

Despite the fact that transmembrane proteins represent the main therapeutic targets for decades, complete and in-depth knowledge about their biochemical and pharmacological profiling is not fully available. In this regard, target-tailored small-molecule fluorescent ligands are a viable approach to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle. Such tools, coupled with the ability of high-precision optical techniques to image with an unprecedented resolution at a single-molecule level, helped unraveling many of the conundrums related to plasma proteins’ life-cycle and druggability. Herein, we review the recent progress made during the last two decades in fluorescent ligand design and potential applications in fluorescence microscopy of voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels and G-coupled protein receptors.     

A System for Determination of Precise Isotopic Vapor Pressure Differences from —20 to 110 °C,including Temperature Control to 0·001 over that Range)

An experimental system for the precise measurement of small vapor pressure differences over the range —20 to 110°C is described.     

Product Inhibited Enzymatic Reactions on the Rotating Disk Electrodes

A model of cyclic staircase voltammetry of enzymatic reactions on the rotating disk electrode is developed and the inhibition by the product is investigated. The responses are mostly time – dependent current – potential curves with maxima in the forward but not in the backward branch. If the maxima appear in both branches, the inhibition is potential – dependent either directly or indirectly. The source of the second maximum is explained.     

Polydiacetylene‐Tb3+ Nanosheets of Which Both the Color and the Fluorescence Can Be Reversibly Switched between Two Colors

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs), an organic layered compound, show a series of intriguing properties, such as thermochromism and fluorescence emission in the red‐phase. However, their irreversible color change, and weak and single‐color fluorescence emitted only from the red‐phase PDAs, have limited their applications. Herein, we report double‐reversible PDA‐Tb³⁺ nanosheets of which both the color and the fluorescence can be reversibly switched between two colors. PDA‐Tb³⁺ nanosheets have the nearly defect‐free intercalated structure in which a layer of Tb³⁺ ions was intercalated in between each two PDA bilayers to tether almost all of the carboxyl groups at the end of the side chains of the PDA. When the PDA is in the blue phase, the PDA‐Tb³⁺ nanosheets emit the green fluorescence of Tb³⁺ ions. When the PDA is in the red phase, the Tb³⁺ fluorescence disappears while the intrinsic red fluorescence of PDA is effectively enhanced through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process; the PDA‐Tb³⁺ nanosheets emit stronger red fluorescence compared with the PDA in red phase. Moreover, the tethering of almost all of the carboxyl groups at the end of the side chains of the PDA endows the nanosheets with the double reversibility in both the color and fluorescence transitions.     

Theoretical analysis of magnetic sensor output voltage

The output voltage is an important parameter to determine the stress state in magnetic stress measurement, the relationship between the output voltage and the difference in the principal stresses was investigated by a comprehensive application of magnetic circuit theory, magnetization theory, stress analysis as well as the law of electromagnetic induction, and a corresponding quantitative equation was derived. It is drawn that the output voltage is proportional to the difference in the principal stresses, and related to the angle between the principal stress and the direction of the sensor. This investigation provides a theoretical basis for the principle stresses measurement by output voltage.