Anisotropic damage–plasticity model for concrete

A material model for concrete is proposed here within the framework of a thermodynamically consistent elasto-plasticity–damage theory. Two anisotropic damage tensors and two damage criteria are adopted to describe the distinctive degradation of the mechanical properties of concrete under tensile and compressive loadings. The total stress tensor is decomposed into tensile and compressive components in order to accommodate the need for the above mentioned damage tensors. The plasticity yield criterion presented in this work accounts for the spectral decomposition of the stress tensor and allows multiple hardening rules to be used. This plastic yield criterion is used simultaneously with the damage criteria to simulate the physical behavior of concrete. Non-associative flow rule for the plastic strains is used to account for the dilatancy of concrete as a frictional material. The thermodynamic Helmholtz free energy concept is used to consistently derive dissipation potentials for damage and plasticity and to allow evolution laws for different hardening parameters. The evolution of the two damage tensors is accounted for through the use of fracture-energy-based continuum damage mechanics. An expression is derived for the damage–elasto-plastic tangent operator. The theoretical framework of the model is described here while the implementation of this model will be discussed in a subsequent paper.     

A General Methodology for Full-Field Plastic Strain Measurements Using X-ray Absorption Tomography and Internal Markers

Probing the strain locally and throughout the bulk of various materials has long been of interest in Materials Science. This article presents a general methodology for assessing the plastic strain in terms of the displacement gradient tensor throughout the bulk of opaque samples. The method relies on a homogenous distribution of marker particles throughout the bulk of a sample, markers which are detected through the application of synchrotron X-ray tomography. Making use of the morphology of individual markers, motion of individual markers is tracked during deformation allowing the local displacement field to be determined throughout the bulk. The local displacement gradient tensor is derived from the displacement field. Spatial resolution is directly related to marker particle density in the sample, here 30 μm. The accuracy of the displacement gradient tensor calculation is dependent on the accuracy with which each marker position is determined and is shown to be in the range from 0.005 to 0.012. The software implementation of the procedures and algorithms presented in this work has been collected to form the “3Dstrain” program package which is intended to be free for use by the scientific community. It is available at under GNU General Public License.     

双层结构岩质边坡的滑带扰动厚度计算方法研究

双层结构岩质边坡进行稳定性评价通常可以实现,但合理确定滑体引起的滑带扰动厚度却比较困难。根据能量法原理,可以推导得出上部硬岩滑体的能量法稳定系数上限解计算公式。进一步按照能量平衡方程,综合考虑滑体、滑带在重力作用下所做的外力功率,以及滑带产生的内能耗散,推导得到了计算滑带扰动厚度的解析公式。在分析典型算例基础上,提出了滑带扰动分带的概念,并将滑带按照扰动程度分为剧扰动带、强扰动带、中等扰动带、弱扰动带和微扰动带。对于双层结构的岩质边坡进行加固治理时,其治理的深度范围应该大于微扰动带的底面。     

Mechanical properties of novel forms of graphyne under strain: A density functional theory study

The mechanical properties of two forms of graphyne sheets named α-graphyne and α2-graphyne under uniaxial and biaxial strains were studied. In-plane stiffness, bulk modulus, and shear modulus were calculated based on density functional theory. The in-plane stiffness, bulk modulus, and shear modulus of α2-graphyne were found to be larger than that of α-graphyne. The maximum values of supported uniaxial and biaxial strains before failure were determined. The α-graphyne was entered into the plastic region with the higher magnitude of tension in comparison to α2-graphyne. The mechanical properties of α-graphyne family revealed that these forms of graphyne are proper materials for use in nanomechanical applications.     

Strain modulations of magnetism in Fe-doped InSe monolayer

First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the electronic and magnetic characteristics of Fe-doped two-dimensional (2D) InSe monolayer by applying biaxial compressive and tensile strains. Our studies show that Fe substituting indium atom can be realized easily under Se-rich experimental environments, and can induce the magnetic semiconducting characteristics. Interestingly, the magnetic moments are insensitive to the strain ~ −6% to 6% range. However, loading larger tensile strain can decrease the magnetic moments sharply. Moreover, the system still retains semiconducting characteristics under compressive strain, while a transition occurs from semiconductor to metal beyond the tensile strain 8%. These results provide the theoretical predications that Fe-doped 2D InSe material may be applied in the spintronic devices.     

基于光纤光栅的螺纹管压弯扭测量技术

引入光纤光栅传感器,并结合螺纹管压弯扭分离测量理论,实现对螺纹管所受压力、弯矩和扭矩的测量.由测量结果可知,光纤光栅传感器测得压力与驱动电机上压力传感器测得压力基本相符,两者测得压力的差值为-11.4~15.5N;光纤光栅传感器测得弯矩与理论值基本一致,两者之间的差值为-0.54~0.46N·m;光纤光栅传感器测得扭矩与驱动电机上扭矩传感器测得扭矩基本相符,两者测得扭矩的差值为-0.54~0.87N·m.测量结果验证了光纤光栅传感器对螺纹管力学参数测量的可行性,为螺纹管的力学参数测量提供了一种新方法.     

双折射光纤环镜应变灵敏度优化研究

灵敏度是衡量传感器的重要指标之一, 基于双折射光纤环镜(PM-FLM)应变传感器灵敏度理论模型,通过数值模拟与实验的方法,在不增加系统复杂性的前提下,通过自身性能优化PM-FLM轴向应变灵敏度;同时研究了双折射光纤(PMF)长度对PM-FLM轴向应变灵敏度的影响。研究结果表明：对于相同PM-FLM,可以选择长波长监测点优化轴向应变灵敏度;对于双折射率相同的PM-FLM,可以选择双折射应变系数较大的PMF优化轴向应变灵敏度。对于双折射应变系数相同的PM-FLM,可以选择双折射率较小的PMF优化轴向应变灵敏度。PM-FLM传感器应变灵敏度与PMF长度无关。     

Nonlinear mechanics of a ring structure subjected to multi-pairs of evenly distributed equal radial forces

Combining the elastica theory,finite element(FE) analysis,and a geometrical topological experiment,we stud-ied the mechanical behavior of a ring subjected to multi-pairs of evenly distributed equal radial forces by looking at its seven distinct states.The results showed that the theoretical predictions of the ring deformation and strain energy matched the FE results very well,and that the ring deformations were comparable to the topological experiment.Moreover,no mat-ter whether the ring was compressed or tensioned by N-pairs of forces,the ring always tended to be regular polygons with 2N sides as the force increased,and a proper compressive force deformed the ring into exquisite flower-like patterns. The present study solves a basic mechanical problem of a ring subjected to lateral forces,which can be useful for studying the relevant mechanical behavior of ring structures from the nano-to the macro-scale.     

Direct determination of bulk strain soliton parameters in solid polymeric waveguides

Bulk strain solitons in solids attract considerable attention in applications due to their very small decay, permanent bell shape and the wave parameter dependence on waveguide elasticity and geometry. One of the reasons of an evident gap between theory and numerical simulation of strain solitons propagation in various waveguides and comparatively rare experimental verification of rigorous results lies in extensive variability of physical constants data available for polymers. We show how a dramatic improvement of experimental setup provides new opportunities in solitary wave observation and its parameters measurements.Digital holography based on high-speed registration cameras allowed us to refine the accuracy of measurements, and precise pulse synchronization provided direct measurements of bulk strain soliton velocity with proper accuracy. It confirms the fact that the soliton parameters depend rather on the waveguide geometry and material, not on an initial pulse, which power provides either a single soliton or a soliton train.