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31.
With the reduction of crude oil throughout the world, enhance oil recovery technology has become a major oil research topics, which can greatly increase the recovery ratio of the crude oil before the dawning of renewable energy era. Near-well ultrasonic processing technology, as one new method, has attracted more attention for Enhanced Oil Recovery due to its low cost, good applicability and no environmental pollution in recent rears. There are two important relevant aspects about Near-well ultrasonic processing technology: (a) how to enhance the oil flow through the rocks into the pumping pool and (b) how to reduce the oil viscosity so that it can be easier to pump. Therefore, how to design a high-power ultrasonic equipment with excellent performance is crucial for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology. In this paper, recent new high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology are summarized. Each field application of them are also given. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the further development of Near-well ultrasonic processing technology.With the reduction of crude oil throughout the world, enhance oil recovery technology has become a major oil research topics, which can greatly increase the recovery ratio of the crude oil before the dawning of renewable energy era. Near-well ultrasonic processing technology, as one new method, has attracted more attention for Enhanced Oil Recovery due to its low cost, good applicability and no environmental pollution in recent rears. There are two important relevant aspects about Near-well ultrasonic processing technology: (a) how to enhance the oil flow through the rocks into the pumping pool and (b) how to reduce the oil viscosity so that it can be easier to pump. Therefore, how to design a high-power ultrasonic equipment with excellent performance is crucial for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology. In this paper, recent new high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology are summarized. Each field application of them are also given. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the further development of Near-well ultrasonic processing technology 相似文献
32.
Wafa B.E. Al-Othman Haitham M.S. Lababidi Imad M. Alatiqi Khawla Al-Shayji 《European Journal of Operational Research》2008
A multi-period stochastic planning model has been developed and implemented for a supply chain network of a petroleum organization operating in an oil producing country under uncertain market conditions. The proposed supply chain network consists of all activities related to crude oil production, processing and distribution. Uncertainties were introduced in market demands and prices. A deterministic optimization model was first developed and tested. The impact of uncertainty on the supply chain was studied by performing a sensitivity analysis in which ±20% deviations were introduced in market demands and prices of different commodities. A stochastic formulation was then proposed, which is based on the two-stage problem with finite number of realizations. The proposed stochastic programming approach proved to be quite effective in developing resilient production plans in light of high degree of uncertainty in market conditions. The anticipated production plans have a considerably lower expected value of perfect information (EVPI). The main conclusion of this study is that for an oil producing country with oil processing capabilities, the impact of economic uncertainties may be tolerated by an appropriate balance between crude exports and processing capacities. 相似文献
33.
Bernhard Schweizer 《Nonlinear dynamics》2009,57(4):509-532
High-speed rotors are often supported in floating ring bearings because of their good damping behavior. In contrast to conventional
hydrodynamic bearings with a single oil film, full-floating ring bearings consist of two oil films: An inner and an outer
oil film. As single oil-film bearings, full-floating ring bearings also show the typical fluid-film-induced instabilities
(self-excited vibrations). Both inner and outer oil films can become unstable and exhibit oil whirl/whip instabilities.
The paper at hand considers a Laval (Jeffcott) rotor, which is symmetrically supported in full-floating ring bearings, and
investigates the occurring oil whirl/whip effects by means of run-up simulations. It is shown that the inner oil film, which usually becomes unstable first, gives
rise to a limit-cycle oscillation with an exactly circular rotor orbit, if gravity and imbalance are neglected. Interesting
is the instability generated by the outer oil film. The calculations demonstrate that instability in the outer oil film does
not lead to a simple circular limit-cycle orbit. Whirl/whip-induced limit-cycle oscillations generated by the outer oil film are more complex and entail a coupled circumferential and
radial motion, although the mechanical problem is radially symmetric, if gravity and imbalance are neglected. Thus, whirl/whip instability in the outer fluid film may be interpreted as symmetry breaking.
Finally, a further kind of bifurcation/instability occurring in rotors supported in full-floating ring bearings—called Total Instability in this paper—is analyzed. It is shown that Total Instability is caused by synchronization of two limit cycles, namely synchronization of the inner and outer oil whirl/whip. Total Instability is of practical interest and observed in real technical rotor systems, and frequently leads to complete rotor damage. 相似文献
34.
针对产品开发过程中某柴油车型发动机油底壳怠速时“呜呜”异响问题,通过噪声与振动的测试及仿真分析,对油底壳异响原因进行分析。结果表明,怠速时机油泵的工作激励频率与油底壳模态频率耦合,形成“呜呜”声,并通过油底壳表面辐射出来。进一步实验研究表明,随着机油温度的升高,机油泵功率、工作激励幅值会逐步减小,异响逐步减小。同时实验研究表明,机油量对油底壳模态频率有影响,油底壳内机油加注量越多,油底壳模态频率越低,油底壳表面振动幅值及异响均逐步减小。针对该异响问题,明确该发动机机油加注上限及下限时油底壳对应频率范围后,通过优化怠速转速,提高油底壳模态频率等使机油泵激励频率与油底壳模态频率避频,解决了该异响问题。 相似文献
35.
Hans Petter Langtangen 《国际流体数值方法杂志》1990,10(6):651-681
The equations governing immiscible, incompressible, two-phase, porous media flow are discretized by generalized streamline diffusion Petrov–Galerkin methods in space and by implicit differences in time. Systems of non-linear algebraic equations are solved by Newton–Raphson iteration employing ILU-preconditioned conjugate-gradient-like methods to the non-symmetric matrix system in each iteration. The resulting solution methods are robust, enable complex grids with irregular nodal orderings and allow capillary effects. Several numerical formulations are tested and compared for one-, two- and three-dimensional flow cases, with emphasis on problems involving saturation shocks, heterogeneous media and curved boundaries. For reservoirs consisting of multiple rock types with differing capillary pressure properties, it is shown that traditional Bubnov-Galerkin methods give poor results and the new Petrov–Galerkin formulations are required. Investigations regarding the behaviour of several preconditioned conjugate-gradient-like methods in these type of problems are also reported. 相似文献
36.
37.
研究了采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定油田水中铜、锌、锰、镍、铬、铁、锶、钡8种元素的方法.方法检出限为0.0003-0.0048μg·mL-1,回收率在96.7%-102.0%之间,相对标准偏差为0.77%-3.57%.采用该方法对油田水样进行了分析,结果表明精密度和准确度均满足分析要求. 相似文献
38.
39.
40.
Production optimization of gas-lifted oil wells under facility, routing and pressure constraints is a challenging problem, which has attracted the interest of operations engineers aiming to drive economic gains and scientists for its inherent complexity. The hardness of this problem rests on the non-linear characteristics of the multidimensional well-production and pressure-drop functions, as well as the discrete routing decisions. To this end, this work develops several formulations in Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) using multidimensional piecewise-linear models to approximate the non-linear functions with domains spliced in hypercubes and simplexes. Computational and simulation analyses were performed considering a synthetic but realistic oil field modeled with a multiphase-flow simulator. The purpose of the analyses was to assess the relative performance of the MILP formulations and their impact on the simulated oil production. 相似文献