回旋行波管的全固态Marx高压脉冲调制器设计

为回旋行波管设计了全固态近方波Marx高压脉冲调制器,设计参数:输出电压70kV,输出电流15A,工作频率0~2kHz可调,脉宽200μs可调,功率容量可以达到百kW级。设计利用串联IGBT作为控制开关,利用FPGA通过光纤传输的方式对IGBT进行逻辑控制、电路保护和监测,补偿单元利用FPGA控制IGBT自动补偿的方式对顶部压降进行补偿,使得输出电压平顶度达到±1%。对电路各个部分进行仿真及测试。结果验证此设计方案的可行性,可以提高回旋管电源的稳定性和工作频率,减小调制器体积及维护成本,并为高压测试提供了实验基础。     

Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for the characterisation of polymers and polymer additives: A review

The purpose of this review is to showcase the present capabilities of ambient sampling and ionisation technologies for the analysis of polymers and polymer additives by mass spectrometry (MS) while simultaneously highlighting their advantages and limitations in a critical fashion. To qualify as an ambient ionisation technique, the method must be able to probe the surface of solid or liquid samples while operating in an open environment, allowing a variety of sample sizes, shapes, and substrate materials to be analysed. The main sections of this review will be guided by the underlying principle governing the desorption/extraction step of the analysis; liquid extraction, laser ablation, or thermal desorption, and the major component investigated, either the polymer itself or exogenous compounds (additives and contaminants) present within or on the polymer substrate. The review will conclude by summarising some of the challenges these technologies still face and possible directions that would further enhance the utility of ambient ionisation mass spectrometry as a tool for polymer analysis.     

全光谱白光发光二极管用Eu3+掺杂Ca2KZn2(VO4)3黄色荧光粉的制备及光学性能

基于蓝光芯片激发黄色荧光粉或近紫外芯片激发三基色荧光粉构建的白光发光二极管(WLED)在青光区域呈现明显的凹口,导致白光的色彩性能不够理想。为了弥补这一缺陷,实现全光谱白光,我们设计了Eu³⁺掺杂Ca₂KZn₂(VO₄)₃黄色荧光粉,其发射波长范围为400~750 nm。在387 nm激发下,在所制荧光粉中可同时获得来自VO₄^3-基团和Eu³⁺的发射光。Eu³⁺在Ca₂KZn₂(VO₄)₃基质中的最佳掺杂浓度(物质的量分数)为0.05,且VO₄^3-基团向Eu³⁺的能量传递效率达到64.9%。基于变温的发射光谱,揭示了所制荧光粉的热稳定性并发现VO₄^3-基团和Eu³⁺的激活能分别为0.538和0.510 eV。此外,将所制黄色荧光粉与商用蓝色荧光粉和近紫外芯片进行封装整合,得到可发射暖白光的WLED器件,其色温和显色指数分别为3843 K和85.8。     

ZSM-5催化丙烯芳构化反应构效关系及反应特性

甲醇两步制芳烃反应中低碳烯烃芳构化反应稳定性优异,为分析其内在机制,制备了不同硅铝比（n_SiO2/n_Al2O3）及Zn负载量的ZSM-5催化剂,以丙烯芳构化为模型反应,分析ZSM-5表面酸性对低碳烯烃芳构化反应性能的影响规律,并探究反应微观特性。发现当硅铝比由150降至75时,增加的酸密度促进了烯烃氢转移芳构化过程,使芳烃选择性由31.0%增至34.4%,但丙烯直接参与的氢转移过程也被强化,使丙烷产物选择性由28.2%增至36.0%。引入Zn助剂可将部分Brønsted酸转变为Zn-Lewis酸,强化烯烃脱氢芳构化过程,使芳烃选择性进一步显著增加到62.4%。丙烯芳构化过程中芳烃烷基化深度比甲醇芳构化过程低,提升总芳烃选择性的同时,也明显抑制了难溶性积碳的形成,使反应稳定性明显提升。由此得出,甲醇两步制芳烃过程中甲醇制低碳烯烃过程对甲醇的预先消耗,抑制了低碳烯烃芳构化反应芳烃产物的深度烷基化,是该反应表现出优异稳定性的重要原因。     

The solar-chemical photo-Friedel-Crafts heteroacylation of 1,4-quinones

Photochemical reactions between 1,4-benzo- and 1,4-naphthoquinone and several heteroaromatic carbaldehydes were investigated under solar irradiation conditions. These reactions gave the corresponding heteroacylated hydroquinones in the range 71%-92% yield.     

Parameterization of Org27569: An allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 G protein‐coupled receptor

The cannabinoid CB₁ receptor is a class A G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) that is the most widely expressed GPCR in the brain. Many GPCRs contain allosteric binding sites for endogenous and/or synthetic ligands, which are topographically distinct from the agonist‐binding site that is known as the orthosteric site. While both endogenous and synthetic ligands that act at the CB₁ orthosteric site have been known for some time, compounds that act at a CB₁ allosteric site have only recently been discovered. The most studied of these is 5‐chloro‐3‐ethyl‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acid [2‐(4‐piperidin‐1‐ylphenyl)ethyl]amide (Org27569). Because allosteric ligands are thought to act through conformational changes in the receptor that are transmitted from the allosteric to the orthosteric site, computational studies of the structural and dynamic interactions of Org27569 with the CB₁ receptor are crucial to achieve a molecular level understanding of the basis of action of this important new class of compounds. To date, such computational studies have not been possible due to the lack of a complete set of molecular mechanics force field parameters for Org27569. Here, we present the development of missing CHARMM force field parameters for Org27569 using previously published methods and the validation and application of these new parameters using normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics simulations combined with experimental infrared measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011     

Towards the reduction of matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry without compromising detection limits: The use of argon-nitrogen mixed-gas plasma

The multivariate optimization of a mixed-gas plasma was conducted in an attempt to find conditions minimizing matrix effects without sacrificing the detection limits that are observed with an all argon plasma optimized for maximum sensitivity in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Compared to the latter, where 49.1 ± 7.1% (n = 17) analyte signal suppression resulted in the presence of 0.1 M Na, 3.8 ± 3.2% suppression (and 2.8 ± 2.1% enhancement in some cases) was observed in the optimized mixed-gas plasma with 0.13% v/v N₂ in the plasma gas and 0.11% in the central channel as a sheath gas around the nebulizer gas flow. Furthermore, improved detection limits were observed for Al, Co, Pd, and V with the optimized mixed-gas plasma compared to an argon plasma at maximum sensitivity. The robustness of this mixed-gas plasma was further demonstrated through the accurate determination of U and Mo in NASS-5 seawater certified reference material using a simple external calibration, without matrix-matching or internal standardization. Indeed, the result obtained for Mo (9.1 ± 1.9 μg/L) was within the 95% confidence interval of the certified value of 9.6 ± 1.0 μg/L, while that obtained for U (3.0 ± 0.2 μg/L) was close to the information value of 2.6 μg/L. Spatial profiling results suggest better energy transfer between the toroidal zone and the central channel in the mixed-gas plasma.     

Study on 172‐nm vacuum ultraviolet light surface modifications of polydimethylsiloxane for micro/nanofluidic applications

In this study, we developed a technique for modifying the surface of the silicone elastomer Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by 172‐nm wavelength vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light exposure. Such materials have high potential for application to micro/nanofluidic devices if their surface properties can be adequately controlled. The hydrophilicity, zeta potential and bonding strength of the VUV‐exposed surfaces were investigated and compared to surfaces exposed to conventional vacuum oxygen plasma. It was found that the proposed technique was effective at modifying the surface conditions from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, increasing the zeta potential, and allowing good bonding to glass. The time required to produce the maximum bonding strength was found to be similar to that for vacuum oxygen plasma exposure. However, since VUV exposure does not require the creation of a vacuum, it offers a faster turnaround, making it suitable for mass production. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The anisotropic effect of functional groups in H NMR spectra is the molecular response property of spatial NICS—the frozen conformational equilibria of 9-arylfluorenes

Rotation about the single bond adjoining the aryl and fluorene moieties in 9-arylfluorenes can be frozen out on the NMR timescale if methyl groups are located at either one or both of the ortho positions of the aryl substituent. In the ground-state of these rotamers, the planes of the aryl and fluorene moieties are perpendicular to each other and the methyl substituents are consequently positioned either above the fluorene moiety or in-plane with it; thus, the methyl protons are either shielded or deshielded, respectively, due to the ring current effect of the fluorene moiety. This anisotropic effect on the ¹H chemical shifts of the methyl protons has been quantified on the basis of through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) and subsequently Δδ_calcd compared with the experimentally observed chemical shift differences, Δδ_exp. In this context, the experimental anisotropic effects of functional groups in the ¹H NMR have proven to quantitatively be the molecular response property of theoretical spatial nucleus independent chemical shieldings (NICS). Differences between Δδ_calcd and Δδ_exp were, for the first time, also quantified as arising from steric compression.     

无定形TiO2可见光敏化降解染料污染物

采用一步水解法制备了无定形TiO2(Am-TiO2),并运用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、N2吸附-脱附和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,Am-TiO2具有大的比表面积(216m2/g)和丰富的表面羟基/化学吸附的水.与晶态TiO2相比,Am-TiO2的吸收带边明显蓝移(411nm→378nm),禁...