三元稀土萃取分离工艺中有效分离系数的研究

本文通过计算机模拟计算,对恒定混合萃取比的三元稀土萃取分离工艺中有效分离系数的变化规律进行了研究,并在串级萃取理论的基础上提出了一种采用有效分离系数确定三元稀土萃取分离工艺参数的方法。     

端视式全谱直读电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高纯氧化镧中稀土杂质

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定高纯氧化镧中14个稀土元素杂质,镧对其它稀土元素的光谱干扰比较严重,要求光谱仪单色器有较高的分辨率。使用端视式全谱直读ICP-AES仪,选择测定波长,工作参数优化,讨论了镧和酸度的影响。大部分稀土元素测定使用曲线拟合(FACT)的背景校正方法。该方法的稀土元素氧化物检出限达到3×10-4~0.022 mg.L-1(3σ)。     

植酸与稀土元素的固态配合物的研究

植酸（PllytiC。Cid）又称肌醇六磷酸酯（myo－iflOSitdhX。hSPhOSPh。ie）（简写为H12lHP］常以钙、镁复盐（菲汀Phntin）形式存在于植物中,尤其在谷类和植物的种子中含量较高［'j．植酸具有惊人的骛合能力,除碱金属外几乎能与所有金属离子生成沉淀,一些高价金属离于甚至在强酸性介质中也可定量沉淀［如Ti、Zr、Hf、Th、Ce（IV）和In、Sc等〕,这些性质已初用于Th'"的定量测定L'和SC'"的分离提取「",Gd'"与植酸的配合物被用作核磁共振成倍（MRI）的对比剂［'j．然而,对有关配合物的固态组成及性质研究尚无文献报道．本文…     

Photoacoustic Spectrometry Investigation and Determination of Rare Earth Ions Ho3+ and Nd3+ in a Solution

A home-made high sensitive photoacoustic transducer was used to determine the photoacoustic signal in a solution. The photoacoustic spectra of Ho in different solvents were measured and comparedwith its absorption spectrum. The affection factors of photoacousticsensitivity are discussed. The trivalent rare earth ions Ho3+ and Nd3+in an aqueous acetonitrile solution were determined. The detection limit is 5×10-8 mol/L for Ho3+ and 1.0 ×10-7 mol/L for Nd3+, and corresponds to the absorbance of 1.5×10 and 6.3×10-7.respectively.     

Determination of rare earth elements in seawater by on-line column preconcentration inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A home made column of commercially available iminodiacetate resin, Muromac A-1 (50–100 mesh) was used to concentrate rare earth elements (REEs) (15 elements: Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) in seawater. An automated low pressure flow analysis method with on-line column preconcentration/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described for the determination of REEs in seawater. Sample solutions (adjusted to pH of 3.0) passed through the column. After washing the column with water, the adsorbed elements were subsequently eluted into the plasma with 0.7 M nitric acid. Calibration curves were accomplished by means of purified artificial seawater with a sample loading time of 120 s. Detection limits (DLs) of the on-line column preconcentration/ICP-MS by eight replicate operations were between 0.040 and 0.251 pg ml⁻¹ for REEs in the artificial seawater. The precision was less than 8.9% for REEs and one sample can be processed in 7 min using a 7 ml of sample. The proposed method was applied to determine REEs in coastal seawater of Hiroshima Bay, Japan.     

含铈多元氧化物的活性结构及在丙烯氨氧化中的作用

本文利用流化床反应器研究了多元复合氧化物PMo_(12)Bi_3Fe_(8-x)Ce_xK_(0.1)O_y(x=0-8)中稀土元素铈对丙烯氨氧化的催化作用,并用x-射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和热重技术表征了催化剂的结构,发现x=2-3时,丙烯腈的收率最高。催化剂中存在Fe_2(MoO_4)_3,Ce_2(MoO_4)_3、α-Bi_2O_3、3MoO_3。这三种物相的互相溶解和凝结形成固溶体和准均相,使活源。份在各物相表面或界面上均匀分布,由此产生的各活性组份的协调作用是催化活性的主要来性组铈能抑制MoO_3升华,稳定活性相结构。     

LnSrNiO4-λ系列复合氧化物的物化性质与对NO分解的催化性能

用柠檬酸络合法合成了Ｋ２ＮｉＦ４结构的ＬｎＳｒＮｉＯ４－λ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ）系列稀土取代类钙钛石型复合氧化物催化剂，对该系列催化剂的固态物理、化学性质及其对ＮＯ分解的催化性能进行研究。结果表明，该系列复合氧化物催化剂对ＮＯ分解活性都很高，在此基础上对该系列复合氧化物中稀土元素对ＮＯ分解反应的取代效应进行了探讨。     

高纯氧化镝电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法摄谱分析时光谱干扰校正方法的研究

本文建立了高纯氧化镝样品ICP摄谱分析时干扰系数法校正光谱干扰的方法。测定了镝基体对14种稀土杂质元素20条灵敏分析线的干扰系数(KCT)。并有效地校正了镝基体造成的光谱干扰,获得满意的结果。     

钇与2-(4′-氯-2′-膦酰基一苯偶氮)-7-(2′,6′-二溴-4′-氯-一苯偶氮)-1,8-二羟基-3,6-萘二磺酸配位反应动力学研究和机理探讨

用停流分光光度法获得反应的经验速率方程为R=k[y(H_2O~n)~(3+)]·[H_6R]·[H~+]~(-1)。参考Eigen-Tamm机理和测得的动力学参数,拟出了反应的可能机理。