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Pulsradiolytische Untersuchungen der Reaktion des e
aq
−
mit halogenierten aromatischen Verbindungen
Kinetic pulse radiolysis experiments (1 s pulse duration) on the reaction of e
aq
–
with halogenated aromatic compounds (fluoro-, chloro-, bromobenzene, benzylchloride and phenethylchloride were carried out in order to check the existence and to investigate the fate of an electron adduct. The measured absorption spectra, being identical with those previously observed for the phenyl and benzyl radical, and thepH dependence of the formation of the H-adducts, indicating no protonation of an intermediateRX
–, can be explained simply by quantitative elimination of the halide. No evidence for the existence of an electron adduct as an intermediate could be obtained under the applied experimental conditions. 相似文献
44.
Khaneja N Reiss T Kehlet C Schulte-Herbrüggen T Glaser SJ 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2005,172(2):296-305
In this paper, we introduce optimal control algorithm for the design of pulse sequences in NMR spectroscopy. This methodology is used for designing pulse sequences that maximize the coherence transfer between coupled spins in a given specified time, minimize the relaxation effects in a given coherence transfer step or minimize the time required to produce a given unitary propagator, as desired. The application of these pulse engineering methods to design pulse sequences that are robust to experimentally important parameter variations, such as chemical shift dispersion or radiofrequency (rf) variations due to imperfections such as rf inhomogeneity is also explained. 相似文献
45.
Roehrl MH Heffron GJ Wagner G 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2005,174(2):325-330
Spin state selective experiments have become very useful tools in solution NMR spectroscopy, particularly in the context of TROSY line narrowing. However, the practical implementation of such pulse sequences is frequently complicated by unexpected instrument behavior. Furthermore, a literal theoretical analysis of sequences published with specific phase settings can fail to rationalize such experiments and can seemingly contradict experimental findings. In this communication, we develop a practical approach to this ostensible paradox. Spin-dynamic design, rationalization, and simulation of NMR pulse sequences, as well as their confident and reliable implementation across current spectrometer hardware platforms, require precise understanding of the underlying nutation axis conventions. While currently often approached empirically, we demonstrate with a simple but general pulse program how to uncover these correspondences a priori in the general case. From this, we deduce a correspondence table between the spin-dynamic phases used in NMR theory and simulation on the one hand and pulse program phases of current commercial spectrometers on the other. As a practical application of these results, we analyze implementations of the original (1)H-(15)N TROSY experiment and illustrate how steady-state magnetization can be predictably, rather than empirically, added to a desired component. We show why and under which circumstances a literal adoption of phases from published sequences can lead to incorrect results. We suggest that pulse sequences should be consistently given with spin-dynamically correct (physical) phases, rather than in spectrometer-specific (software) syntax. 相似文献
46.
Forrer J Schmutz H Tschaggelar R Schweiger A 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2004,166(2):220-251
Direct detection of free induction decays and electron spin echoes, and the recording of echo-detected EPR spectra and electron spin echo envelope modulation patterns at a microwave frequency of 2.5 GHz is demonstrated. This corresponds to the measurement of the transverse magnetization in the laboratory frame, rather than in the rotating frame as usually done by down-converting the signal (homodyne detection). An oscilloscope with a 6-GHz analog bandwidth, a sampling rate of 20 GigaSamples per second, and a trigger frequency of 5 GHz for the edge trigger and 750 MHz for the advanced trigger, is used in these experiments. For signal averaging a 3-GHz microwave clock divider has been developed to synchronize the oscilloscope with the frequency of the EPR signal. Moreover, direct detection of continuous wave EPR signals at 2.5 GHz is described. 相似文献
47.
Xun?Gu Selcuk?Akturk Aparna?Shreenath Qiang?Cao Rick?TrebinoEmail author 《Optical Review》2004,11(3):141-152
We review the state of the art of ultrashort-light-pulse measurement using frequency-resolved-optical-gating (FROG). Recent developments have extended the state of the art considerably. FROG devices for measuring the intensity and phase of ultrashort laser pulses have become so simple that almost no alignment is required. In addition, such devices not only operate single shot, but they also yield the two most important spatio-temporal distortions, spatial chirp and pulse-front tilt. With other FROG variations, it is now possible to measure more general ultrashort light pulses (i.e., pulses much more complex than common laser pulses), with time-bandwidth products as large as several thousand and as weak as a few hundred photons, and despite other difficulties such as random absolute phase and poor spatial coherence. 相似文献
48.
针对大型直线感应加速器单次工作的特点,研制了一种电容放电式脉冲励磁电源。该电源利用电容器的储能特性,取代常规电源的变压整流滤波部分,先对其以小电流恒流充电,然后再以大电流恒流放电来获得直线感应加速器励磁电流。对这种电源进行了理论分析和模拟计算,模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。实验结果表明:这种电源能够脉冲工作,同时输入功率大幅度降低,在输出电流500 A,持续时间0.3 s时,输入功率400 W,输出功率25 kW,电流稳定度0.2%, 谐波小, 电流纹波小,所用电容器100块左右(33 mF),经济上也可承受,是一种非常适合直线感应加速器的励磁电源。 相似文献
49.
Composite coating of Ni-Co/Al2O3 was deposited in Ce2(SO4)3 containing electrolyte by pulse reverse current (PRC) method. The effect of Ce2(SO4)3 in electrolyte on morphology, microstructure, composition, micro-hardness and residual macrostress of composite coating was investigated. The results indicates that with addition of Ce2(SO4)3 in electrolyte, the composite coating becomes uniform, compact and possesses finer grains, the composite content of Al2O3 is enhanced, the micro-hardness of composite coating is improved, while the residual macrostress is decreased. 相似文献
50.