全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3177篇 |
免费 | 387篇 |
国内免费 | 589篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3531篇 |
晶体学 | 127篇 |
力学 | 18篇 |
综合类 | 30篇 |
数学 | 4篇 |
物理学 | 443篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 56篇 |
2021年 | 88篇 |
2020年 | 131篇 |
2019年 | 120篇 |
2018年 | 75篇 |
2017年 | 114篇 |
2016年 | 141篇 |
2015年 | 150篇 |
2014年 | 181篇 |
2013年 | 304篇 |
2012年 | 273篇 |
2011年 | 218篇 |
2010年 | 174篇 |
2009年 | 187篇 |
2008年 | 209篇 |
2007年 | 211篇 |
2006年 | 202篇 |
2005年 | 203篇 |
2004年 | 160篇 |
2003年 | 186篇 |
2002年 | 128篇 |
2001年 | 94篇 |
2000年 | 99篇 |
1999年 | 57篇 |
1998年 | 44篇 |
1997年 | 65篇 |
1996年 | 54篇 |
1995年 | 45篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4153条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2020,13(12):8848-8887
Phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are an important class of dyes with numerous (e.g., biological, photophysical, and analytical) applications. Among the methods used to improve the properties of these complexes, one should mention the introduction of different substituents, variation of the central metal ion, ligand exchange, and conjugation to nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles (NPs)). This work briefly reviews Pc complex conjugation to Ag and Au NPs, highlights the different NP shapes, and discusses the diversity of conjugation approaches. Moreover, the use of UV–Vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize Pc-NP hybrids is summarized. The effect of conjugation on Pc photo-physicochemical properties (fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation, triplet state formation, and optical limiting behavior) is discussed, and future perspectives for the synthesis and applications of new hybrids are provided. 相似文献
72.
The development of a slurry sampling method for the determination of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium and zinc in fish tissue samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is described. In comparison with microwave-assisted digestion, the proposed method is simple, requires short time and eliminates total sample dissolution before analysis. Suspension medium was optimized for each analyte to obtain quantitative recoveries from fish tissue samples without matrix interferences. Nevertheless, iron recoveries higher than 46% were not found. Treatment of samples slurried in nitric acid by microwave irradiation for 15-30 s at 75-285 W permitted to achieve efficient recoveries for calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc. Further improvement in the matrix effects for iron determination was accomplished by the use of an additional step of short microwave-assisted suspension treatment. However, standard addition method was required for calcium and copper determination, being necessary hydrochloric acid as suspension medium for the last one. Although copper could not be determined in the certified reference material using microwave-assisted digestion, the accuracy of the slurry sampling method was verified for all the investigated analytes. Detection limits were 22.8 ± 8.0, 0.884 ± 0.092, 5.07 ± 0.76, 35.5 ± 0.7 and 1.17 ± 0.04 μg g−1 for calcium, copper, iron, magnesium and zinc, respectively. The standard deviations obtained using slurry sampling method and microwave-assisted digestion were not significantly different, and the mean relative standard deviation of the over-all method (n = 3) of the slurry sampling method for different concentration levels was below 12%. 相似文献
73.
Krunks M. Madarász J. Leskelä T. Mere A. Niinistö L. Pokol G. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2003,72(2):497-506
Thermal decomposition of the title compound, Zn(tu)2Cl2 (tu=thiourea), was studied up to 1200°C in dynamic inert (N2) and oxidative (air) atmospheres using simultaneous TG/DTA techniques. In addition, XRD and IR were employed ex situ to resolve
the reaction mechanism and products. Cubic ZnS (sphalerite) is formed below 300°C in both atmospheres and is observed until
760°C, whereafter it transforms in nitrogen to the hexagonal ZnS (wurtzite). EGA by FTIR revealed the complexity of the decomposition
reactions involving also the evolution of H2NCN, which reacts to form hexagonal ZnCN2 as revealed by an XRD analysis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
74.
This review aims to provide a summary of the progress in organic small molecular fluorescent dyes for photodynamic therapy in recent years and it is classified according to the structures of dyes including cyanines, phthalocyanine, BODIPYs and other agents. 相似文献
75.
Ayfer?Kalkan Zehra A.?BayirEmail author 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2003,134(12):1555-1560
Summary. Unsymmetrical porphyrazines bearing a single peripheral bis(hydroxyethylthio) moiety were synthesised by mixed condensation of bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)maleonitrile and phthalonitrile. Complexation of the thioether groups of metal-free porphyrazine with PdCl2 further lowered the intensity of the Q-band absorption of the porphyrazine core. The new compounds were characterised by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, and mass spectra. 相似文献
76.
Cu-Zn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其在选择加氢反应中的催化性能 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过浸渍法制备了不同Cu/Zn比的γ-Al2O3和改性γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Zn催化剂,并用XRD,XPS和SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征.XRD表征结果表明,还原活化前催化剂中的Cu和Zn分别以CuO和ZnO的形式存在;还原活化后Cu以单质的形式存在;催化剂失活后,单质Cu又转变成CuO.XPS和SEM分析结果表明,催化剂中金属的价态及颗粒的形貌在反应前后发生了变化.所制备的催化剂在糠醛加氢制糠醇反应中表现出较高的选择性.用Co改性的γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Zn催化剂不仅具有较高的催化活性和选择性,而且还呈现出较长的寿命.催化剂中的Cu晶相是催化活性中心;催化剂中的Cu晶相转变成CuO和烧结是催化剂失活
的主要原因. 相似文献
77.
Usachev N. Ya. Belanova E. P. Krukovsky I. M. Kanaev S. A. Atal"yan O. K. Kazakov A. V. 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2003,52(9):1940-1949
Thermal transformations in systems formed by interaction of Zn and Na nitrates with Y, X, and A zeolites were studied by TG—DTA technique. Temperature regions of existence of adsorbed water, water of crystallization, and decomposition of NO3
– anion were determined. These intervals depend on the composition, structure, method of preparation, and pre-treatment conditions of zeolite systems. The extent of NO3
– decomposition depends not only on the zinc and sodium content but also on the presence of ammonia involved in NO3
– reduction. The zeolite matrix strongly stabilizes the occluded NO3
– anions. A portion of zinc oxide formed by zinc nitrate decomposition is probably localized inside the zeolite cavities as the [Zn—O—(ZnO)
n
—Zn]2+ particles. The latter compensate charges of the isolated [AlO4]– tetrahedra. 相似文献
78.
79.
锌和锡参与下末端环氧化物的选择性烯丙基化反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
烯丙基溴和金属辛或锡成功地将末端环氧化合物1一锅法合成高烯丙基醇2和双高烯丙基醇3. 还研究了环氧化合物取代基的影响, 并提出了此烯丙基化的反应途径 . 相似文献
80.
Single crystals of NaKZnP2O7 were grown, and their crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (space group P21/n, a = 12.585(5) Å, b = 7.277(5) Å, c = 7.428(5) Å, β = 90.00(5)°, Z = 4, 1916 F(hkl), R 1 = 0.0461). The structure contains a 3D tetrahedral zinc phosphate framework with a system of intersecting channels running along the b and c axes. The sodium and potassium atoms are coordinated to six and seven oxygen atoms, respectively, and reside inside these channels; the potassium cations, which are larger than the sodium cations, are located at channel intersections. 相似文献