全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2378篇 |
免费 | 784篇 |
国内免费 | 116篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 496篇 |
晶体学 | 54篇 |
力学 | 171篇 |
综合类 | 37篇 |
数学 | 282篇 |
物理学 | 2238篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 62篇 |
2021年 | 77篇 |
2020年 | 90篇 |
2019年 | 71篇 |
2018年 | 75篇 |
2017年 | 108篇 |
2016年 | 118篇 |
2015年 | 132篇 |
2014年 | 194篇 |
2013年 | 271篇 |
2012年 | 159篇 |
2011年 | 199篇 |
2010年 | 156篇 |
2009年 | 152篇 |
2008年 | 159篇 |
2007年 | 171篇 |
2006年 | 129篇 |
2005年 | 131篇 |
2004年 | 94篇 |
2003年 | 95篇 |
2002年 | 91篇 |
2001年 | 60篇 |
2000年 | 79篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 66篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3278条查询结果,搜索用时 493 毫秒
41.
42.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2006,38(1):19-24
We have been developing a new analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM), called a coincidence TEM, which in principle enables elemental mapping images to be observed at a high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio under very low dose radiation conditions. In this paper, we report the development of a coincidence TEM with a digital waveform measuring system for obtaining a coincidence elemental mapping image. In this system, analog signals detected by a Si(Li) detector and a multianode, position‐sensitive photomultiplier (PSPM) are continuously converted into 12‐bit digital waveform data at a rate of 100 MHz, and transferred to a PC. From the transferred digital waveform data, information on X‐ray photon energy, electron incident position, and detection times of both X rays and electrons are calculated by digital waveform measurement, which lead to the observation of a successful coincidence elemental mapping image. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
Yang Jing Wen Xiang Lin Yang 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1998,19(7):963-975
The modified quantum nonlinear Schrodinger equation of ultra-short pulse propagating in fiber is derived using dispersion relation and the Hamiltonian of the transmission system. The derived equation is solved with linearization approximation, and modulation instability is analyzed. The equation is also solved with Hartree approximation. The results indicate that pulse power, loss and self-steeping effect change the critical frequency, the maximum gain and the gain spectrum range, but the third order dispersion has no effect on modulation instability. The expectation value of optical field is average of a set of modified classical solitons, and higher order terms change the amplitude, pulse position and phase of soliton. 相似文献
44.
45.
Michael Binnewies Marion Jerzembeck Andreas Kornick 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1991,30(7):745-753
One of the modern high technologies which has advanced enormously in the last few years is glass fiber technology. This is used in the manufacture of glass fibers for lighting purposes and for the optical transfer of analog and digital data with a high transfer density. The technical demands made on the glass fibers required for data transfer, the optical waveguides, are extremely high and are already fulfilled to a large extent by industry. At present about four million kilometers of fiber, worth ca. 800 million DM are produced worldwide (10% in the Federal Republic of Germany). Numerous chemical processes take place during the manufacture of optical waveguides. However, in contrast both to the high and constantly growing demands on the quality and to the increasing production volume of such fibers, little is in fact known about the reactions involved. The present article will attempt to develop a picture of the multifarious reactions occurring in the course of this technical process on the basis of literature data and our own studies. 相似文献
46.
G. R. Kosmambetova P. E. Strizhak É. M. Moroz T. E. Konstantinova A. V. Gural’skii V. P. Kol’ko V. I. Gritsenko I. A. Danilenko O. A. Gorban 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2007,43(2):102-107
The morphological and catalytic properties of samples of nanomeric zirconium dioxide, stabilized with yttrium oxide, manufactured
via the effect of a UHF field during the process of drying precipitated zirconium hydroxide and calcination at temperatures
from 300 to 1000 °C, were studied. It was shown that the highest activity in the oxidation of CO occurred with 40 nm particles
of zirconium dioxide prepared at 1000 °C.
__________
Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 96–101, March–April, 2007. 相似文献
47.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2005,37(7):589-607
The accuracy of quantitative XPS analysis can be improved using predetermined transmission functions. Two different calibration methods are used for estimating the transmission function T(E) of a photoelectron spectrometer, applying a survey spectra approach (SSA) and a quantified peak‐area approach (QPA) to minimize the quantification error. For the SSA method, Au, Ag and Cu spectra measured with the Metrology Spectrometer II have been used. The new QPA method was built up from Au 4f, Au 4d, Au 4p3/2, Ag 3d, Ag 3p3/2, Cu 3p, Cu 2p3/2, Ge 3p and Ge 2p3/2 standard peak areas, applying adequate ionization cross‐sections and mean free path lengths for different pass energies (10 and 50 eV), lens modes (large area, large area XL, small area 150) and x‐ray sources (Al/Mg Twin and Al Mono). In the energy range 200–1500 eV a transmission function T(E) = a0 + b1E (where a0, b1 and b2 are variable parameters) was found to give an appropriate approximation for eight tested spectrometer settings, implementing the largest changes in the case of pass energy variations. Determination and application of the transmission functions were integrated in the XPS analysis software (UNIFIT 2004) and tested by means of an Ni90Cr10 alloy. The results demonstrate the practicability of the SSA and QPA methods, giving decreased errors of <8% in comparison with errors up to 38% obtained using Wagner's sensitivity factors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
An efficient hybrid field solution to the general multilayer substrates transmission line problems with full shielded and half open cross-sectional geometry is presented by using the waveguide modes coupling and decoupling procedure in the spectral domain. Modal transverse transmission lines corresponding to the LSE and LSM modes are taken into account so that the Green's elements for the edge conditions can be derived by a simple iterative method. In this paper, we analyze not only the propagation constants and characteristic impedances but also the available transmission power capacity and power distribution of most commonly used structures. Normalized eigenmode power levels characterizing the propagation features are computed. 相似文献
49.
聚(C60 甲基丙烯酸甲酯)与聚(C60 苯乙烯)的THF溶液的透射光谱随浓度的增大而不断红移.这种异常的光谱位移可能与富勒烯的纳级(10-9)簇的形成有关.用简单的办法来“调改”一物质的性质是科学家们长期梦寐以求的,而含C60的聚合物正代表了这一群新奇的物质,它们的光学性质可以预期地和可逆地调变,只要简单改变一下浓度. 相似文献
50.
Ang-ran Wang Yong-zhong Bao Zhi-xue Weng Zhi-ming Huang 《高分子科学》2007,(6):573-579
An exfoliated layered double hydroxides/poly(methyl methacrylate)(LDHs/PMMA)nanocomposite was prepared by in situ solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA)in the presence of 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate intercalated LDHs(MgAl-VBS LDHs).MgAl-VBS LDHs was prepared by the ion exchange method,and the structure and composition of the MgA1-VBS LDHs were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis.XRD and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were employed to examine the structure of LDHs/PMMA nanocomposite.It was indicated that the LDHs layers were well exfoliated and dispersed in the PMMA matrix.The grafting of PMMA onto LDHs was confirmed by the extraction result and the weight fraction of grafted PMMA increased as the weight fraction of LDHs in the nanocomposites increased. 相似文献