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61.
Local space-time structures, such as domains and the intervening dislocations, dominate a wide class of cellular automaton (CA) behavior. For such spatially-extended dynamics regular domains, vicinities, and attractors are introduced as organizing principles to identify the discretized analogs of attractors, basins, and separatrices: structures used in classifying dissipative continuous-state dynamical systems. We describe the attractor-basin portrait of nonlinear elementary CA rule 18, whose global dynamics is largely determined by a single regular attracting domain. The latter's basin is analyzed in terms of subbasin and portal structures associated with particle annihilation. The conclusion is that the computational complexity of such CA is more apparent than real. Transducer machines are constructed that automatically identify domain and dislocation structures in space-time, count the number of dislocations in a spatial pattern, and implement an isomorphism between rule 18 and rule 90. We use a transducer to trace dislocation trajectories, and confirm that in rule 18, isolated dislocation trajectories, as well as a dislocation gas, agree extremely well with the classical model of annihilating diffusive particles. The CA efficiently transforms randomness of an initial pattern ensemble into a random walk of dislocations in space-time. 相似文献
62.
G. Hayward 《Ultrasonics》1984,22(4):153-162
An analysis of thickness-mode piezoelectric transducer impedance under a variety of mechanical load conditions is presented. A wideband, systems model is used to describe this impedance, which is representative of the electrical input impedance in the transmitting mode and the electrical output impedance for the receiving mode.For a fixed input voltage, the total current flowing through the transducer is considered as the vector sum of two current quantities. Firstly, an input current arising directly from the applied voltage source and secondly, a feedback current, which is generated by secondary piezoelectric action. By treating the problem in this manner, an extremely valuable insight into the nature of the electrical characteristics is provided. Complex variations in the impedance behaviour are readily explained and the physical processes that contribute to such deviations are clearly isolated. 相似文献
63.
A wide variety of transducer shapes and applications exists in the field of diagnostic ultrasound. As a basic material ferro-electric ceramics are used almost exclusively, but polymer piezoelectric material seems a new alternative. By comparing in a qualitative way the most relevant parameters of these materials, a state of the art judgement may be made about their applicability in diagnostic ultrasound. 相似文献
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Summary A simple, corrosion-resistant and non-destructive flow cell optimized for laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopic detection of HPLC effluents is described. The characteristics and analytical figures of merit of the flow cell are presented. Application of the flow cell to the detection of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in HPLC effluent is demonstrated. Limits of detection were on the order of tenths of parts per million. Comparisons with the conventional UV absorbance detector and among various laser powers are discussed. 相似文献
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Fabrication and comparison of PMN-PT single crystal, PZT and PZT-based 1-3 composite ultrasonic transducers for NDE applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ki-Bok Kim David K. Hsu Bongyoung Ahn Young-Gil Kim Daniel J. Barnard 《Ultrasonics》2010,50(8):790-797
This paper describes fabrication and comparison of PMN-PT single crystal, PZT, and PZT-based 1-3 composite ultrasonic transducers for NDE applications. As a front matching layer between test material (Austenite stainless steel, SUS316) and piezoelectric materials, alumina ceramics was selected. The appropriate acoustic impedance of the backing materials for each transducer was determined based on the results of KLM model simulation. Prototype ultrasonic transducers with the center frequencies of approximately 2.25 and 5 MHz for contact measurement were fabricated and compared to each other. The PMN-PT single crystal ultrasonic transducer shows considerably improved performance in sensitivity over the PZT and PZT-based 1-3 composite ultrasonic transducers. 相似文献
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First-principles study on the geometric and electronic structures and phase transition of PbZr1-xTixO3 solid solutions 下载免费PDF全文
With first-principles virtual-crystal approximation calculations, we systematically investigate the geometric and elec- tronic structures as well as the phase transition of lead zirconate titanate (PbZr1-xTixO3 or PZT) as a function of Ti content for the whole range of 0 ≤ x Ti ≤ 1. It can be found that, with the increase of the Ti content, the PbZr1-xTixO3 solid solu- tions undergo a rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition, which is consistent with the experimental results. In addition, we also show the evolution in geometric and electronic structures of rhombohedral and tetragonal PbZr1-x TixO3 with the increasing content of Ti. 相似文献
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