New Unsymmetrically Substituted Benzothiadiazole-Based Luminophores: Synthesis,Optical, Electrochemical Studies,Charge Transport,and Electroluminescent Characteristics

Three new benzothiadiazole (BTD)-containing luminophores with different configurations of aryl linkers have been prepared via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling Suzuki and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions. Photophysical and electroluminescent properties of the compounds were investigated to estimate their potential for optoelectronic applications. All synthesized structures have sufficiently high quantum yields in film. The BTD with aryl bridged carbazole unit demonstrated the highest electrons and holes mobility in a series. OLED with light-emitting layer (EML) based on this compound exhibited the highest brightness, as well as current and luminous efficiency. The synthesized compounds are not only luminophores with a high photoluminescence quantum yield, but also active transport centers for charge carriers in EML of OLED devices.     

Design,synthesis and liquid crystalline behavior of ethyl 4-((4-alkoxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzoates

A series of ethyl 4-((4-alkoxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzoate is synthesized and the liquid crystalline behavior studied. Synthesized compounds are characterized by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, Mass and single crystal XRD. Differential scanning calorimetry was carried out to study the phase transitions and enthalpy changes. Polarizing optical microscopy revealed the mesogenic properties. These techniques revealed that three compounds (2a, 2b, 2f) exhibit liquid crystalline properties in the range of 80–104°C. POM exhibiting focal conical fan like texture which revealed the presence of smectic phases suggestive of their use in LCD and temperature sensing devices, besides 2c can be used as green emitter in OLEDs.     

Deep blue luminescent cyclometallated 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene iridium(iii) complexes

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红色磷光喹喔啉铂(II)配合物及其有机电致发光器件的制备

利用2,3-二苯基喹喔啉和氯亚铂酸钾(K2PtCl4)反应, 合成了一种新型喹喔啉铂的配合物(DPQ)Pt(acac), 通过元素分析, 1H NMR测定对配合物结构进行了表征, 结果显示得到的是目标化合物. 利用紫外光谱和荧光光谱对配合物进行了研究. 利用该材料作为磷光染料制备了结构为ITO/NPB (21 nm) /NPB∶7%(DPQ)Pt(acac) (17.5 nm) /BCP (7 nm)/ Alq3 (21 nm)/ Mg∶Ag(10∶1)(120 nm)/Ag(10 nm)的有机电致发光器件(OLED). 结果表明, 该配合物在442和485 nm处存在单重态1MLCT(金属到配体的电荷跃迁)和三重态3MLCT的吸收峰; 在632 nm 处有较强的金属配合物三重态的磷光发射; 该器件的启动电压是5.0 V, 器件的最大亮度为1516 cd·m-2, 外量子效率为0.66%, 流明效率为0.26 lm·W-1, 是一种红色磷光材料.     

BPhen作为发光层间隔层对黄光OLED的影响

使用R-4B和GIrl作为磷光掺杂剂、CBP为主体、BPhen为发光层间隔层,制备了包含红、绿双发光层的黄色磷光OLED器件。器件结构为ITO/Mo O3(40 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/CBP∶GIrl(14%)(20nm)/BPhen(x nm)/CBP∶R-4B(6%)(10 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq3(40 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(1 000 nm)。BPhen位于两发光层之间,具有调节载流子复合的功能,其中x为BPhen的厚度。通过调整x的值,研究了BPhen厚度对OLED器件发光性能的影响。实验结果表明,适当厚度的BPhen层可以提高器件的发光亮度和电流效率。BPhen厚度为6 nm的器件性能最佳,16 V驱动电压下的器件亮度最高可达11 270 cd/m2,最大电流效率为24.35 cd/A,而且绿光和红光波峰强度相近,黄光颜色纯正,色坐标趋近于(0.5,0.5)。     

Narrowband Pure Near-Infrared (NIR) Ir(III) Complexes for Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) with External Quantum Efficiency Over 16 %

Highly efficient near-infrared (NIR) emitters have significant applications in medical and optoelectronic fields, but the development stays a great challenge due to the energy gap law. Here, we report two NIR phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes which display emission peaks around 730 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum of only 43 nm. Therefore, pure NIR luminescence can be obtained without having a very long emission wavelength, thus alleviating the restriction of the energy gap law, and obtaining impressively high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 0.70. More importantly, the pure NIR organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabricated by the solution-processed mothed shows outstanding device performance with the highest external quantum efficiency of 16.43 %, which sets a new record for solution-processed NIR-OLEDs based on different emitters. This work sheds light on the development of Ir(III) complexes with narrowband emissions as highly efficient pure NIR-emitters.     

Zig-Zag Type Molecular Design Strategy of N-Type Hosts for Sky-Blue Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

N-type hosts for long lifetime in sky-blue thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were investigated by synthesizing four hosts with zig-zag-type backbone structure for high triplet energy. The four hosts had two CN units at different positions of the zig-zag-type backbone structure and two dibenzofuran units through either the 2 or 4-position of dibenzofuran. The position of the CN unit was controlled at the meta and para-positions in the zig-zag-type backbone to study the relationship between material parameters and lifetime of the TADF OLEDs. It was revealed that the meta-orientation of the CN units in the backbone was advantageous to extend device lifetime of the sky-blue TADF OLEDs.     

Theoretical investigations on electronic structures and photophysical properties of novel bridged triphenylamine derivatives

It has been proved that triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives can be excellent candidates for hole‐transporting materials in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). To improve on the thermal and morphological stability, a fully diarymethylene‐bridged TPA derivative (FATPA) which has been proven to enhance electroluminescent (EL) efficiency was synthesized. On the basis of FATPA, two series of novel bridged TPA derivatives have been designed by using diarylmethylene (Series A) or dimethyfluorene (Series B) as the linkage between the ortho‐positions of the phenyl rings in this work (see Fig. 1 ). To reveal the relationships between electronic structures and photophysical properties of these novel functional materials, an in‐depth theoretical investigation was elaborated via quantum chemical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) methods. In addition, the feasibility of using these bridged TPA derivatives as host in the device of ITO/MoO₃/NPB/mCP/host:Ir(ppy)₃/TAZ/LiF/Al was also evaluated, which including the discussion to their energy levels match with adjacent layers and energy transfer from host to guest. These calculated results show that photophysical properties can be easily tuned by the introduction of various substituent groups into the bridged TPA derivatives, such as the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), the energies difference between the HOMOs and LUMOs (Δ_H‐L), the lowest singlet (E_S) and triplet (E_T) excitation energies, ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), reorganization energies (λ) and the absorption and emission spectra, indicating that these bridged TPA derivatives have great potential applications for OLEDs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

Red‐Emitting Dendritic Iridium(III) Complexes for Solution Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Functionalization of a red phosphorescent iridium(III) complex core surrounded by rigid polyphenylene dendrons with a hole‐transporting triphenylamine surface allows to prevent the intermolecular aggregation‐induced emission quenching, improves charge recombination, and therefore enhances photo‐ and electroluminescence efficiencies of dendrimer in solid state. These multifunctional shape‐persistent dendrimers provide a new pathway to design highly efficient solution processable materials for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs).     

Degradation of HTL layers during device operation in PhOLEDs

Different analytical tools and methodologies are currently employed to determine degradation products of organic blue light emitting devices in order to identify the failure mechanisms which determine the lifetime of these devices. This article provides a deeper understanding of degradation mechanisms of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) during device operation. Degradation products of blue emitting devices containing 8% of the phosphorescent emitter iridium(III)bis(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C^2′ picolinate (FIrpic) in a matrix containing bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminium (BAlq) as electron transport layer (ETL), 4,4′,4″-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA) and N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4″-diamine (α-NPD) were investigated using laser desorption ionization (LDI) coupled with a time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS). Especially chemical degradation pathways of the hole transport materials TCTA and α-NPD were investigated. The comparison of experimental data of unstressed and stressed device revealed that new reaction products are formed during the device operation. The linkage of TCTA fragments to the α-NPD core in an interfacial reaction as well as a dimerization of TCTA itself was observed. Ten new reaction products could be characterized via LDI-TOF-MS. Some of these compounds might possess a negative influence on the drop of efficiency and lifetime of blue light emitting devices based on FIrpic.