N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列的掺杂机理及其光催化活性

以ZnO纳米柱阵列为模板, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出TiO2/ZnO和N掺杂TiO2/ZnO的复合纳米管阵列. 扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)的结果表明: 两种阵列的纳米管均为六角形结构, 直径约为100 nm, 壁厚约为20 nm; 在N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列中, 掺入的N离子主要是以N-Ox、N-C和N-N的形式化学吸附在纳米管表面, 仅有少量的N离子以取代式掺杂的方式占据TiO2晶格O的位置; 表面N物种形成的表面态能级和取代式掺杂导致带隙的窄化, 增强了纳米管阵列的光吸收效率, 促进了光生载流子的分离. 光催化实验结果表明, N离子的掺杂有利于N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列光催化活性的提高.     

Large-scale synthesis of tube-like ZnS and cable-like ZnS-ZnO arrays: Preparation through the sulfuration conversion from ZnO arrays via a simple chemical solution route

Arrayed structures are desirable for many applications, but the fabrication of many material arrays remains a significant challenge. As a prominent II-VI semiconductor, large-scale arrayed ZnS structure has not been easily fabricated. Here, we introduce a simple structure conversion route for the synthesis of novel arrayed structures, and large-scale tube-like ZnS structure arrays and cable-like ZnS-ZnO composite arrays were successfully prepared through sulfuration conversion from arrayed rod-like ZnO structure based on a hydrothermal method at low temperature. XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM and PL are used to confirm the formation of the novel arrayed structure and trace the conversion process. The results show that the conversion ratio can be conveniently tailored by the reaction time, and the PL properties of the obtained materials can be adjusted through the conversion ratio. Especially, the cable-like structure holds the PL properties of both ZnO and ZnS structures. This simple solution method can be further extended to the preparation of other semiconductor sulfide and selenide, and can amplify the application field of large-scale arrays of semiconductors.     

The effect of humidity on thermal process of zinc acetate

The thermal decomposition of zinc acetate dihydrate Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂·2H₂O in some humidity-controlled atmospheres has been successfully investigated by novel thermal analyses, which are sample-controlled thermogravimetry (SCTG), thermogravimety combined with evolved gas analysis using mass spectrometry (TG–MS) and simultaneous measurement of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry (XRD–DSC). The thermal processes of anhydrous zinc acetate in dry gas atmosphere by conventional linear heating experiment initiated with the sublimation around 180 °C, followed by the fusion and the decomposition over 250 °C. SCTG was useful to interpret clearly the successive reaction because the high-temperature parallel decompositions were effectively inhibited. The thermal behavior changed dramatically by introducing water vapor in the atmosphere and the thermal process was quite different from that in dry gas atmosphere. Zinc oxide (ZnO) was formed only in a humidity-controlled atmosphere, and could be easily synthesized at temperatures below 300 °C. XRD–DSC equipped with a humidity generator revealed directly the crystalline change from Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂ to ZnO. A detailed thermal process of Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂·2H₂O and the effect of water vapor are discussed.     

Photocatalytic ozonation degradation of ciprofloxacin using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of stones

Ciprofloxacin is used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Because ciprofloxacin is not effectively degraded by biological processes, advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalytic ozonation are applied to remove this antibiotic from wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate photocatalytic ozonation for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aquatic environments and optimization of the effective parameters of the process. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the thermal method and immobilized on the surface of stones. The structural properties of the nanoparticles were determined by XRD, TEM, Photoluminescence (PL) and SEM. Experiments were carried out in a Plexiglas reactor supported with the continuous injection of ozone. The effective parameters for removal efficiency were reaction time, initial concentration of ciprofloxacin, pH, photocatalyst concentration and reaction kinetics. The highest ciprofloxacin removal efficiency occurred at the following optimal conditions: pH of 7, reaction time of 30?min, photocatalyst concentration of 3?g/L and initial ciprofloxacin concentration of 10?mg/L. Removal efficiency of 96% was obtained under these conditions. Linear kinetic models showed that the process followed pseudo-first order and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. This process had a high removal efficiency and suitable for removal of ciprofloxacin from aquatic environments.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT     

MoO_3、NiO、ZnO在小表面金红石上的分散行为

氧化物、盐类在氧化物载体表面的自发分散是一种广泛存在的现象，文献中已报导过大量氧化物和盐类在高比表面载体上分散的研究结果［'－3］TIO。作为一种较新型的载体，与Y－AI。O。、硅胶等传统载体相比，有许多不同特性．活性组分在TIO。表面的分散状态及所得催化剂的性能已有不少报导［'－'］，但所用的TIOZ主要是较高比表面的锐钛矿型TIOZ（刘金红石型TIO。（r）和锐钛矿型TIOZ（a）的结构不同，它是高温生成相，比表面较小［'］．氧化物在金红石上的分散行为仍未见报导．我们制备了三种具有不同比表面的TIO水），系统地研…     

高性能纳米碳材料改性Cu/ZnO/Al2O3甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢催化剂

由铜基催化剂催化甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢是有效解决车载燃料电池等制氢需求的潜在途径．但传统铜基催化剂对该反应的低温催化活性及制氢选择性均不理想．近年来碳纳米管及活性碳纤维等因具有独特的纳米孔结构、高比表面积和优异的吸附性能作为潜在的新型催化材料而备受关注．     

溅射参数对ZnO薄膜物性的影响

采用磁控溅射方法分别在ITO玻璃和硅片上成功制备了具有良好C轴取向的ZnO薄膜.并研究了溅射气压,基底温度,以及氧偏压对ZnO薄膜物性的影响,从而确定了制备ZnO薄膜的最佳溅射条件.     

一种在固体基底上制备高度取向氧化锌纳米棒的新方法

采用廉价、低温的方法，在修饰过ZnO纳米粒子膜的ITO基底上成功制备出具有 高长径比、高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列，用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，X射线衍射(XRD) ，高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及拉曼光谱对制备出的ZnO纳米棒的结构和形貌 进行了表征，测试结果表明，ZnO纳米棒是单晶，属于六方晶系，与基底直，上仍 沿(001)晶面择优生长的特征，并且ZnO纳米棒基本上无氧空位的存在，统计结果显 示，水热反应2h后90%以上的ZnO纳米棒直径为120～190nm，长度为4μm     

凝胶网格沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌的正交实验研究

通过凝胶网格沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌,并通过正交实验探讨了明胶用量、锌离子浓度、碳酸根离子浓度以及反应物配比等因素对其粒径的影响。实验确定了制备纳米氧化锌的优化工艺条件:明胶用量22%、锌离子浓度0.7mol/L、碳酸根浓度0.7mol/L、反应物配比1/1。采用XRD、IR、TG-DTA、TEM及激光粒度等测试手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明,在优化工艺条件下制得了粒径为40nm的氧化锌。     

软刻蚀及其应用

软刻蚀是一类基于自组装和复制模塑等原理的非光刻微米和纳米加工方法。它为形成和制作微米、纳米图案提供了简便、有效、价廉的途径。在软刻蚀中，用一个表面带图案的弹性模板来实现图案的转移，其加工的分辨率可达30nm－100μm。软刻蚀是微接触印刷、复制模塑、转移微模塑、毛细微模塑、溶剂辅助微模塑等的总称。本文将简介软刻蚀的原理、方法以及它们在微米和纳米加工、微电子学、材料科学、光学、微电子机械系统、表面化学等方面的应用。