Schiff碱型和仲胺型壳聚糖冠醚对金属离子的络合吸附性能

壳聚糖（ＣＴＳ）可有效地去除废水中的有毒金属离子［１］,但其分子中的氨基可接受质子成盐,造成在酸性介质中溶解流失,使应用受到限制．近年来国内外学者对壳聚糖的改性进行了广泛的研究,制备了许多理化特性和用途不同的壳聚糖衍生物［２～８］,扩大了其应用范围,...     

聚β-羟基丁酸酯/超高分子量聚氧化乙烯共混体系相容性和结晶行为

为了解决废弃塑料引起的“白色污染”问题,世界各国竞相研制开发可生物降解高分子材料,其中,有关聚β 羟基丁酸酯［ｐｏｌｙ（β ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｂｕｔｙｒａｔｅ）（ＰＨＢ）］的研究尤其活跃．然而,由于商品价格较高,材料本身抗冲击性能较差、加工窗口较窄等限制...     

共混改性ACS合金的性能形态与流变性研究

利用增容原理,以α－甲基苯乙烯,丙烯酸酯为单容改性单体,与苯乙烯,丙烯腈乳液共聚,所得共聚物与氯化聚乙烯共混得ＡＣＳ合金,研究了以α－甲基苯乙烯,丙烯酸乙酯用量对ＡＣＳ合金力学性能,流变性的影响,同时考察了树脂的微观结构与形态。     

Phase studies of surfactant–water systems

Significant advances have been made in establishing phase behavior of a number of nonionic, cationic, anionic, catanionic and fluorinated surfactants in water. An interest in phase equilibria existing at sub-ambient temperatures is developing. The study of cubic, intermediate, defective lamellar and sponge phases is an active field of research at present. Further work is needed in exploring thermodynamic stability of rigid nanodisks and densely packed vesicles. Colloidal aspects, thermodynamic and volumetric properties of the surfactant-containing systems deserve special attention.     

多孔二氧化硅对聚环氧乙烷结晶行为的影响

高分子化合物由于具有很长的分子链,不易进行规整排列,结晶速度通常很慢,为提高结晶速度,有时需要加入成核剂．多孔二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２）具有较大的比表面积,故吸附作用较强,有可能作为成核剂影响部分结晶高聚物的结晶过程．聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）为部分结晶高聚物,其结晶行为对杂质较为敏感．本文目的在于通过结晶动力学及结晶与熔融行为的研究,探索多孔二氧化硅对ＰＥＯ结晶行为的影响．１　实验部分　　聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ,Ｍｗ＝１×１０５）．两种多孔二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２）按文献［１］方法制备,平均粒度为０．３μｍ,平均孔…     

Renormalization Group for Strongly Coupled Maps

Systems of strongly coupled chaotic maps generically exhibit collective behavior emerging out of extensive chaos. We show how the well-known renormalization group (RG) of unimodal maps can be extended to the coupled systems, and in particular to coupled map lattices (CMLs) with local diffusive coupling. The RG relation derived for CMLs is nonperturbative, i.e., not restricted to a particular class of configurations nor to some vanishingly small region of parameter space. After defining the strong-coupling limit in which the RG applies to almost all asymptotic solutions, we first present the simple case of coupled tent maps. We then turn to the general case of unimodal maps coupled by diffusive coupling operators satisfying basic properties, extending the formal approach developed by Collet and Eckmann for single maps. We finally discuss and illustrate the general consequences of the RG: CMLs are shown to share universal properties in the space-continuous limit which emerges naturally as the group is iterated. We prove that the scaling properly ties of the local map carry to the coupled systems, with an additional scaling factor of length scales implied by the synchronous updating of these dynamical systems. This explains various scaling laws and self-similar features previously observed numerically.     

Critical Behavior of Nonlinear Properties in Percolating Superconductor/Nonlinear-Normal Conductor Networks

The critical behavior of nonlinear response in random networks of superconductor/nonlinear-normal conductors below the percolation threshold is investigated. Two cases are examined: (i) The nonlinear normal conductor has weakly nonlinear current (i)-voltage (ν) response of the form ν = ri + bi^α (bi^α-1《t and α > 1). Both the crossover current density and the crossover electric field are introduced to mark the transition between the linear and nonlinear responses of the network and are found to have power-law dependencies ～(f_c - f)^H and ～(f_c - f)^M as the percolation threshold f_c of the superconductor is approached from below, where H = ν_d - s_d > 0, M = ν_d > 0, ν_d and s_d are the correlation length exponent and the critical exponent of linear conductivity in percolating S/N system respectively; (ii) The nonlinear-normal conductor has strongly nonlinear ν-i response, i.e., i = X^να The effective nonlinear response X_e, behaves as X_e ～(f_c - f)^-W(α), where W ( α ) is the critical exponent of the nonlinear response x_e(α) and is α-dependent in general. The results are compared with recently published data, reasonable agreement is found.     

Crystallization behavior and thermal properties of blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyate-co-3-valerate) and poly(1,2-propandiolcarbonate)

Crystallization behavior of blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(1,2-propandiolcarbonate) (PR(CO₂)) has been investigated by polarized light microscopy (PLM). The spherulite growth rates (SGR) of all blends were faster than that of pure PHBV, and the spherulite growth rates of PHBV in the PHBV/PR(CO₂) blends reduced with increasing PR(CO₂) weight fraction. There are two melting peaks in both the pure PHBV and the PHBV/PR(CO₂) blends. The melting peak of PHBV/PR(CO₂) blends was reduced by lower temperature about 20K as compared to PHBV and the higher temperature melting peak was increased by about 10K in the blends.     

Spectroscopic linear dichroism FT-IR studies of synthetic spider silk

This work deals with the analysis of the orientation behavior of different segments of synthetic spider silk samples containing hard and soft segments. Two different types of spider silk were examined, one with an aliphatic hard segment (hexamethylene-diisocyanate) and an amorphous soft segment (polytetramethylene oxide) (A40) and the other with an aromatic hard segment (4,4′-methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate) and a semicrystalline soft segment (polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide- polyethylene oxide) (A143). In order to observe the orientation behavior of the hard and the soft segments it was necessary to define marker bands. While for both samples the chosen marker bands for the hard segments were the same, the marker bands for the soft segments were different. FT-IR spectra were recorded while strain was applied to the material at the same time. Two parameters, the dichroic ratio R and the order Parameter f were used to evaluate the behavior of these materials under conditions of strain. It was found that sample A143 broke at a strain level of 37,5 %, while sample A40 showed a high dynamic range up to a strain level of 307 %.     

Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of C?H…O Hydrogen Bonding and Thermal Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)

Infrared (IR) spectra and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx = 12 mol%) were measured over a temperature range of 20 °C to higher temperatures (PHB, 185 °C, HHx = 12 mol%, 140 °C) to explore their structure change and thermal behavior and molecular interaction. The WAXD measurements revealed that the a lattice parameter increases significantly with temperature, while the b lattice parameter varies a little in the crystalline PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). It seems that the intermolecular interaction between the CO group of one helical structure and the CH₃ group of the other helical structure decreases along the a axis of crystalline PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) with temperature. The temperature-dependent IR spectral variations were analyzed for the CH stretching, CO stretching, CH₃ deformation, and C O C stretching variation regions, and bands characteristic of crystalline and amorphous parts were identified in each region. It was found from the anomalous frequencies of the CH₃ asymmetric stretching and CO stretching bands of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) and the X-ray crystallographic structure of PHB that there is an intermolecular interaction (C H…OC hydrogen bond) between the CO group and the CH₃ group combining two helical structures in PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). In this review paper we discuss the role of the C H…OC hydrogen bonding and the crystal and lamella structure of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx = 12 mol %) in comparison with the structure of Nylon.