矩形微槽道纳米流体沸腾传热压降特性研究

为研究纳米流体微尺度沸腾传热流阻及压降特性,文中以体积浓度为0.2%的水基Al2O3纳米流体为试验工质,在尺寸为0.6mm×2mm矩形微槽道中进行沸腾传热实验,建立实验模型,分析纳米流体沸腾传热两相摩擦乘子的影响因素及进出口压降组成,并将本实验的两相摩擦压降值与现有理论模型及参数修正后理论模型预测值进行比较。结果显示,在本实验给定的条件下,实验段两相流压降中88.6%为两相摩擦压降。与L-M模型相比,M-H修正模型和Z-M修正模型都能较好地预测实验结果。其中经M-H修正模型能更好地预测本实验的实验值,使得平均误差减小为21.2%,大大降低了原L-M模型的误差。     

Fabrication of highly porous interconnected three-dimensional scaffolds with micro-channels

A novel highly porous 3-D poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) scaffold with micro-channels was fabricated by injection molding and diluent acetic acids leaching technologies. In this study, the chitosan fiber was employed to form the microchannel in PCL matrix. The morphology, porosity and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied and calculated. It was found that the larger the content of chitosan fiber is, the higher the porosity would be, due to the volumetric expansion of chitosan fiber in PCL matrix during it being leached. In addition, the less the content of chitosan fiber is, the higher the compressive modulus would be.     

微通道板皮秒选通特性的数值模拟

运用“能量正比假设”对微通道板在皮秒高压脉冲下的特性进行了模拟,发现光电子的倍增次数与光子的入射时刻有关,不能被视为常数。研究了快门脉冲的幅度,宽度和反向偏压对选通特性的影响。曝光时间最终受到选通图象信噪比的限制。     

Lymphocyte migration in the micro-channel of splenic sheathed capillaries in Chinese soft-shelled turtles,Pelodiscus sinensis

The structural characteristics of the splenic sheathed capillary were investigated using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This study mainly focused on lymphocyte migration to the splenic white pulp via micro-channels in Chinese soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis. The results showed that the sheathed capillaries in the turtle spleen were high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels. These capillaries consist of micro-channels that facilitate lymphocyte migration to the splenic white pulp. The micro-channel is a dynamic structure comprising processes of endothelial cells, supporting cells, and ellipsoid-associated cells (EACs), which provides a microenvironment for lymphocyte migration. The pattern of lymphocyte migration in the micro-channel of the turtle spleen includes the following steps: (i) lymphocyte first adheres to the endothelium of the sheathed capillary, passes through the endothelial cells, and traverses through the basement membrane of the sheathed capillary; (ii) it then enters into the ellipsoid combined with supporting cells and EACs; and (iii) lymphocyte migrates from the ellipsoid to the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath (PELS) via the micro-channel. This study provides morphological evidence for lymphocyte migration in the micro-channels of turtle spleens and also an insight into the mechanism of lymphocyte homing to the splenic white pulp of reptiles.     

微细通道纳米与非纳米流体传热和压降对比研究

分别以0.2%、0.5%、1%质量分数的Al2O3-H2O纳米流体和去离子水为实验工质,在高2mm,宽1mm的矩形微细通道内进行纳米流体与非纳米流体两相沸腾传热和压降对比研究。实验结果表明:增加质量通量对两种工质换热系数影响都较小,但增加热流密度可提高换热系数;在相同工况下,与水基液相比,采用Al2O3-H2O纳米流体换热系数明显增大,且随着纳米流体质量分数的增加而增加,对于该实验换热系数可提高8%～17%;随着纳米颗粒质量分数和质量通量的增加,两相摩擦压降显著增大。     

微通道板像增强器的调制传递函数的测量与研究

根据狭缝法测量调制传递函数（MTF）的理论,建立了微通道板（MCP）像增强器的MTF测量装置.利用CCD相机测量像增强器对狭缝的空间响应,得到系统的线扩散函数(LSF),经过傅里叶变换求出MTF.实验测量了两种MCP像增强器的MTF,得到的极限分辨率与厂家标定值一致.在不同的工作偏压下以及不同的像面位置处的MTF测量结果表明,像增强器的空间分辨能力随着光阴极偏压的升高逐渐提高并趋于稳定.随MCP偏压的升高而迅速下降,在一定的电压范围内不随荧光屏电压的变化而改变；像增强器在不同像面位置处的空间分辨能力变化较小.     

A micro gas preconcentrator with improved performance for pollution monitoring and explosives detection

This paper presents the optimization of a micro gas preconcentrator based on a micro-channel in porous and non-porous silicon filled with an adequate adsorbent. This micro gas preconcentrator is both applicable in the fields of atmospheric pollution monitoring (Volatil organic compounds—VOCs) and explosives detection (nitroaromatic compounds). Different designs of micro-devices and adsorbent materials have been investigated since these two parameters are of importance in the performances of the micro-device. The optimization of the device and its operation were driven by its future application in outdoor environments. Parameters such as the preconcentration factor, cycle time and the influence of the humidity were considered along the optimization process. As a result of this study, a preconcentrator with a total cycle time of 10 min and the use of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as adsorbent exhibits a good preconcentration factor for VOCs with a limited influence of the humidity. The benefits of using porous silicon to modify the gas desorption kinetics are also investigated.     

Thermal characteristics of a high heat flux micro-evaporator

Our purpose is to design a high heat flux micro-evaporator that can remove more than 100 W/cm². For this purpose a thin liquid film is evaporized. The liquid film is stabilized in micro-channels by capillary forces. The micro-channels are fabricated by chemical etching on silicon to reduce thermal resistance. For the experiments, the channel plate is heated by an ITO thin film heater deposited on the opposite side of the channel plate. Influence of heat flux, coolant flow rate, and inlet temperature on the temperature of the heater element are investigated. Water is used as working fluid. A maximal heat flux of 125 W/cm² could be achieved for water inlet temperature of 90 °C and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The temperature of the heater element is kept constant at about 120 °C with fluctuations within 8 °C. The measured pressure drop is less than 1000 Pa.     

高功率二极管激光器模块式微通道冷却器研制

针对高功率二极管激光器(DL)的散热需求,对不同结构的微通道冷却器进行了模拟散热计算,优化了冷却器的结构参数.冷却器采用Cu-WCu合金复合结构,由多层金属片焊接而成,其内部散热片采用具有高热导率的无氧铜制作,上、下表面采用硬度高,热导率也较高的WCu合金制作.这种结构不仅避免了无氧铜较软、面形和棱边质量难控制的缺点,还可提高冷却器的强度,使冷却器可以做得较薄.冷却器外形尺寸为25.0 mm×12.0 mm×1.5 mm.使用连续二极管激光器板条和模拟热源对不同内部结构的微通道冷却器的热阻进行了实验测量,冷却器的热阻为0.4～0.8 K/W.研制的模块式微通道冷却器可满足连续50 W或脉冲功率120 W(20%占空比)的高功率二极管激光器板条的散热需求,堆叠的二维叠阵DL可以很好地用作高平均功率DPL的泵浦源.