微槽道中纳米流体沸腾换热特性研究

为研究纳米流体在微槽道中的沸腾换热特性及规律,分别以去离子水和体积浓度为0.2%、0.5%的水基Al2O3纳米流体为工质进行试验,研究质量流速、热流密度、进口过冷度、槽道尺寸等因素对沸腾传热系数的影响及其两相摩擦压降与出口干度的关联分析和沸腾换热关联式对比拟合.试验结果表明:在一定热流密度和质量流速下,传热系数随槽道尺...     

矩形微槽道纳米流体沸腾传热压降特性研究

为研究纳米流体微尺度沸腾传热流阻及压降特性,文中以体积浓度为0.2%的水基Al2O3纳米流体为试验工质,在尺寸为0.6mm×2mm矩形微槽道中进行沸腾传热实验,建立实验模型,分析纳米流体沸腾传热两相摩擦乘子的影响因素及进出口压降组成,并将本实验的两相摩擦压降值与现有理论模型及参数修正后理论模型预测值进行比较。结果显示,在本实验给定的条件下,实验段两相流压降中88.6%为两相摩擦压降。与L-M模型相比,M-H修正模型和Z-M修正模型都能较好地预测实验结果。其中经M-H修正模型能更好地预测本实验的实验值,使得平均误差减小为21.2%,大大降低了原L-M模型的误差。     

不同纳米流体在微通道内的流动传热特性研究

采用数值模拟的方法研究了不同工质在微通道内流动传热特性的差异。对比了去离子水、纳米流体Al₂O₃/Water、CuO/Water、TiO₂/Water、Cu/Water等工质在微通道内的流动传热特性,并研究了纳米颗粒的浓度对流动换热特性的影响。结果表明：CuO/Water作为冷却工质时的对流换热系数比水增加了9.6%,微通道底面平均温度降低了2.6 K,换热性能明显优于其他几种纳米流体。由于纳米颗粒的加入,纳米流体的粘度比水大,进出口的压降比水大。纳米颗粒的体积分数越大,对流换热系数越大,纳米流体在微通道内的换热性能越好。     

Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的相变蓄冷实验研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子,研制了一种新型传热冷却工质一氧化铝-水纳米流体,粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有很好的分散性,同时对Al2O3-H2O纳米流体和水溶液的结冰过程进行了实时观察.结果表明,加入Al2O3纳米粒子后,流体的结冰速率得到了很大提高,结冰时间大大缩短,DSC测试结果得到0.1%Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的相变潜热值为313.1 J/g.     

矩形微槽道纳米流体饱和沸腾临界热流密度特性

针对纳米流体在微小尺度传热领域的应用,在常压下对微槽道中纳米流体的流动沸腾临界热流密度进行实验研究。分别以体积浓度为0.2%、0.5%的水基Al2O3纳米流体为工质进行试验,研究不同质量流速、槽道尺寸以及体积浓度等因素对沸腾CHF的影响。对比水为工质实验结果,表明:槽道尺寸、质量流速对于水-Al2O3纳米流体和纯水的CHF影响一致。其它参数一定的工况下,纳米流体CHF比纯水大,且随着纳米流体体积浓度增大,出口壁面过热度会增大。最后介绍一个微槽道沸腾CHF的预测模型,在评价其不足的基础上提出一个关于CHF的预测公式,与实验数据进行对比,验证该公式的适用性。     

ZrO2纳米流体的对流换热系数测定及机理浅析

建立了测量圆管内纳米流体流动与传热性能的实验系统,测量了不同粒子浓度的ZrO2/水纳米流体在雷诺数为3 000～18 000范围内的管内对流换热系数以及不同位置处纳米流体对流换热系数的变化情况.实验结果显示,在液体中添加纳米粒子显著增大了液体的管内对流换热系数,例如,在相同雷诺数时,与纯水相比,如果纳米粒子的质量浓度从1.6%增大到4.1%,则纳米流体的对流换热系数增加的比例从1.09增大到1.2.此外,从颗粒的浓度、粒径两方面分析纳米流体强化传热的机理.     

矩形微通道内两相流流阻压降特性的可视化研究

以去离子水和质量分数为0.3%的水基纳米流体为工质,在当量直径为1.241mm的矩形微通道内进行了两相流流动沸腾的实验研究,并借助高速摄像仪对矩形微通道内流型随着质量流量及热流密度的变化进行了观察分析。实验结果表明:单位长度上的两相摩擦压降会随着质量流速的提升而提高;单位长度上的两相摩擦压降会随着热流密度的增大而升高;减小质量流速和提高其热流密度均会加快气泡的产生并提高气泡的脱离直径,当热流密度增大到一定程度时,通道内几乎为环状流与液态单相流交替出现,且环状流占周期中的较长时间。     

基于纳米磁流体微通道内流动换热性能研究

为探究磁场强度和肋片高度对微通道内Fe₃O₄-H₂O纳米磁流体流动换热性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,以开放式间断微通道热沉为研究对象,在雷诺数为200到500之间展开数值模拟研究,模拟微通道内流体工质流动换热过程。结果表明：进出口压降随雷诺数的增大而增大,且随着磁场强度的增大,压降的增大趋势愈显著;微通道的换热性能随着磁场强度的增大,呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;通过增加肋片高度,可以有效的提高热沉的传热性能。研究发现,开放型微通道综合换热性能优于封闭型,在所研究的参数范围内,微通道肋片高度达到0.9 mm时,综合换热性能和均温性最佳。     

纳米流体微通道流动换热数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学方法,对两种不同浓度的水-Al2O3纳米流体以及五种不同高宽比的微通道热沉的流动换热特性开展了数值模拟研究.结果 表明,提高纳米颗粒体积分数可降低流固换热面的平均温度,从而提升纳米流体的换热能力,但同时也会显著提升系统的泵功率;通过改变微通道高宽比可有效提升热沉的换热能力,增大高宽比能够有效降低热沉受热面平均温度,且不会使得流动阻力损失显著增加;在所研究的参数范围内,微通道热沉高宽比存在最优值,当高宽比超过30时,换热系数不随高宽比增加而进一步提高.     

ZrO_2-水纳米流体管内层流流动特性的实验研究

实验研究了粒径为50 nm,质量分数为0.2%,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%的ZrO_2-水纳米流体分别在弯管和直管内的流动特性以及纳米流体的稳定性.实验结果表明:通过加入分散剂使纳米流体稳定性得到显著提高,在相同温度的层流状态下,弯管的流动阻力系数大于直管.纳米流体的黏度随着质量分数的增大而增大,在相同Re下,纳米流体在层流区内阻力系数随纳米流体质量分数的增加而增大.     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

激光与计量基准

激光以它的良好的物理性质（单色性好、方向性强、能量大等）而被广泛应用到科学与技术许多领域。激光应用于计量科学和利用激光变更计量基本单位的定义和复现其定。都为计量科学的发展起到革命性的作用，文章介绍了激光与米定义及其复现，激光与秒定义，激光与国际温标，激光与质量自然基准和一系列激光在计量测试中的应用。