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131.
132.
微量稀土对超导稳定化基体铜材的性能和组织的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了微量稀土元素对铜的机械性能、导电性和组织的影响,在铜中加入微量钇、钕、镝、铒和富铈混合稀土后,使铜的抗拉强度有所提高,并保持良好的塑性和导电性。 相似文献
133.
134.
从氨性柠檬酸溶液中电沉积Ni-Mo的机理研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
含钼大于约27%(质量分数)Ni-Mo合金,具有较高的耐蚀性,特别是在盐酸和硫酸溶液中,其耐蚀性优于SUS304不锈钢[1].因此,人们对该种合金的电沉积进行了广泛的研究[1-4].对合金共沉积机理也作了一定的研究.一般认为,钼不能单独进行电沉积,但它可以同铁族元素共沉积[5].对钼与铁族元素的共沉积机理,人们已提出了几种假设.一般认为[3],钼可能是多步还原,即六价钼首先被电化学还原成低价钼化合物,而后由吸附在诱导金属(铁族元素)上的原子氢进一步还原成合金中的零价钼,为了进一步弄清Ni-Mo合金的共沉积机理,本… 相似文献
135.
镁铝合金试样用稀硫酸溶解后通过装有强酸性阳离子交换树脂的分离柱以除去试样溶液中大量镁及铝离子。通过交换柱的试液以及洗涤交换柱用的高纯水接受于1 L容量瓶中,用高纯水定容。分取25μL试液作离子色谱测定氯,对离子交换分离及离子色谱测定的条件作了试验和优化。离子色谱测定氯离子的标准曲线的相关系数为0.999 1,方法的检出限为1.03μg.L-1。根据精密度试验结果计算得其相对标准偏为4.5%。在6个试样中各加氯标准200.0 mg.kg-1作回收率试验,所得结果在94.1%~106.0%之间。 相似文献
136.
F. Muktepavela M. Vasylyev A. Czerwinski Z. Rogulski 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2003,7(2):83-86
The humid air induced processes of embrittlement of the Sn–Al alloy and hydrogen emission have been investigated. Using the
secondary-ion mass spectrometry, X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry techniques it
was found that the brittleness is caused by a failure of phase adhesion due to accumulation of hydrogen and formation of oxidized
layers on phase boundaries during contact of the alloy with water vapour. Specific physical and electrochemical properties
of the Sn/Al phase boundary satisfy conditions for the formation of atomic hydrogen and its reaction with Sn. Electrochemical
corrosion plays an important role at the stage of formation of atomic hydrogen. The penetration of hydrogen and its accumulation
in the bulk of the alloy is due to the high energy of the phase boundary and the low energy of formation of unstable tin hydride.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
137.
We describe and interpret computer simulations of the time evolution of a binary alloy on a cubic lattice, with nearest neighbor interactions favoring like pairs of atoms. Initially the atoms are arranged at random; the time evolution proceeds by random interchanges of nearest neighbor pairs, using probabilities compatible with the equilibrium Gibbs distribution at temperatureT. For temperatures 0.59Tc, 0.81 Tc, and 0.89T
c, with density of A atoms equal to that in the B-rich phase at coexistence, the density C1 of clusters ofl A atoms approximately satisfies the following empirical formulas: C1 w(1 –)3 andC
1, (1 –)4Q1w1 (2 l 10). Herew is a parameter and we defineQ
l
=
K
e
–E(K)
, where the sum goes over all translationally nonequivalentl-particle clusters andE(K) is the energy of formation of the clusterK. Forl > 10,Q
1 is not known exactly; so we use an extrapolation formulaQ
l
Aw
s
–l
l
– exp(–bl
), wherew
s is the value ofw at coexistence. The same formula (withw > w
s) also fits the observed values of C, (for small values ofl) at densities greater than the coexistence density (forT=0.59Tc): When the supersaturation is small, the simulations show apparently metastable states, a theoretical estimate of whose lifetime is compatible with the observations. For higher supersaturation the system is observed to undergo a slow process of segregation into two coexisting phases (andw therefore changes slowly with time). These results may be interpreted as a more quantitative formulation (and confirmation) of ideas used in standard nucleation theory. No evidence for a spinodal transition is found.Supported by AFOSR Grant No. 73-2430D and by ERDA Contract No. EY-76-C-02-3077*000. 相似文献
138.
Alenka Turi?nik 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》2003,121(2):245-251
[Mg(HF)2](SbF6)2 and [Ca(HF)2](SbF6)2 monocrystals were grown from the corresponding hexafluoroantimonates(V) dissolved in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. [Mg(HF)2](SbF6)2 crystallizes in the space group Pnma (no. 62) with a=1249.1(4) pm, b=1230.2(4) pm, c=699.1(2) pm, V=1.0742(6) nm3, Z=4. Magnesium is octahedrally coordinated by six fluorine atoms from which two belong to two HF molecules. The structure can be represented by alternating rows of magnesium and antimony atoms running parallel to the c-axis. Magnesium atoms are connected by cis bridging Sb(2)F6 units along the a-axis and by trans bridging Sb(1)F6 units along the b-axis. In this way a three-dimensional network is formed.[Ca(HF)2](SbF6)2 crystallizes in the space group P21/n (no. 14) with a=935.2(3) pm, b=1088.7(3) pm, c=1104.8(3) pm, β=106.697(5)°, V=1.0774(5) nm3, Z=4. The coordination sphere around the calcium atom consists of eight fluorine atoms which define the vertices of an Archimedean antiprism. The two HF molecules directly coordinate the calcium atom and their fluorine atoms are placed in the corners of different square faces of the Archimedean antiprism. The Ca-F(HF) distances are shorter than the Ca-F(Sb) distances. The Sb(1)F6 and Sb(2)F6 groups have four equatorial bridging fluorine atoms, while the Sb(3)F6 groups have only two bridging trans F ligands. The Ca atoms in the [−1,0,1] plane are connected by equatorial F ligands of Sb(1)F6 and Sb(2)F6 units, forming a [Ca(SbF6)+]n layer. These layers are connected by trans bridging Sb(3)F6 groups. HF molecules occupy the space between these layers and additionally contribute to the connection between the layers by hydrogen bonding. 相似文献
139.
The activity of enzyme I (EI), the first protein in the bacterial PEP:sugar phosphotransferase system, is regulated by a monomer–dimer equilibrium where a Mg2+-dependent autophosphorylation by PEP requires the homodimer. Using inactive EI(H189A), in which alanine is substituted for the active-site His189, substrate binding effects can be separated from those of phosphorylation. Whereas 1 mM PEP (with 2 mM Mg2+) strongly promotes dimerization of EI(H189A) at pH 7.5 and 20 °C, 5 mM pyruvate (with 2 mM Mg2+) has the opposite effect. A correlation between the coupling of N- and C-terminal domain unfolding, measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and the dimerization constant for EI, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, is observed. That is, when the coupling between N- and C-terminal domain unfolding produced by 0.2 or 1.0 mM PEP and 2 mM Mg2+ is inhibited by 5 mM pyruvate, the dimerization constant for EI(H189A) decreases from >108 to <5 × 105 or 3 × 107 M−1, respectively. With 2 mM Mg2+ at 15–25 °C and pH 7.5, PEP has been found to bind to one site/monomer of EI(H189A) with KA′106 M−1 (ΔG′=−33.7±0.2 kJ mol−1 and ΔH=+16.3 kJ mol−1 at 20 °C with ΔCp=−1.4 kJ K−1 mol−1). The binding of PEP to EI(H189A) is synergistic with that of Mg2+. Thus, physiological concentrations of PEP and Mg2+ increase, whereas pyruvate and Mg2+ decrease the amount of dimeric, active, dephospho-enzyme I. 相似文献
140.
《Electroanalysis》2003,15(17):1369-1376
Silver‐gold alloy electrodes have been studied for the purpose of the quantitative determination of heavy metals by subtractive anodic stripping voltammetry, (SASV). The results have been compared with those obtained with the silver and gold electrodes. The 50/50 a/o Ag/Au alloy electrode is the most suitable for quantifying thallium in the presence of lead and cadmium. The separation of its peak from those of lead and cadmium is 200 mV, which is about twice the separation obtained on the pure metal electrodes and is also better than on mercury. The silver electrode is suitable for the simultaneous determination of thallium, lead and cadmium. The peaks of lead and cadmium overlap on the 50/50 alloy. Pure silver or pure gold can be used for simultaneous quantification of these two metals. The use of gold for quantifying lead and cadmium is more limited because the peak potential of cadmium is shifted in the negative direction as its concentration increases and at [Cd2+]>200 nM, the two peaks merge. SASV enables correction for background currents and is of utmost importance for obtaining well‐defined peaks. The peaks of lead, cadmium and thallium appear over a relatively narrow potential range (ca. 200 mV) on all the electrodes presented in this work. For this reason, the quantifying of a peak is based on the derivative at the inflection point of only one of its branches (ascending or descending). All SASV measurements were carried out without removal of oxygen. 相似文献