黄酮配合物抗自由基活性的亚甲基蓝光谱测定体系的研究

亚甲基蓝(MB)可捕获Fenton反应产生的羟自由基生成无色加合物,选用亚甲基蓝为槲皮素(Que)及其配合物抗羟自由基活性测定体系的指示剂。实验优化测试条件为：体系pH 8.0,加入H₂O₂溶液(0.3%) 0.50 mL,FeSO₄溶液(5 mmol·L-1) 0.50 mL和MB溶液(2.56×10-5 mol·L-1)1.0 mL。由此建立了测定槲皮素配合物抗·OH活性的光谱测定方法。方法简便,尤其适合于配合物体系抗自由基活性的分析。测定了槲皮素及Que-Zn(Ⅱ),Que-Cu(Ⅱ),Que-Fe(Ⅲ)配合物的抗·OH活性。结果表明3种槲皮素配合物的抗羟自由基活性均比槲皮素高,配合物活性Que-Cu(Ⅱ) ＞Que-Zn(Ⅱ)＞Que-Fe(Ⅲ),表现出金属离子与有机活性配体协同作用可提高其抗氧化活性的能力。     

Photocatalytic performance of yttrium-doped CNT-ZnO nanoflowers synthesized from hydrothermal method

We synthesized yttrium-doped CNT-ZnO (CNT-YZO) nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoflowers (NFs) from the hydrothermal method at 130 °C. The effect of Y³⁺-concentrations in nanostructured CNT-YZO was determined in terms of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Microstructural analysis showed the hexagonal cubic structure of ZnO regardless of Y-concentration or the addition of CNTs during the nucleation and growth. The specific surface area, total pore volume, and mean pore diameter of typical CNT-YZO NFs were observed to be 36.109 m²/g, 0.162 cm³/g, and 17.932 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation performance of CNT-YZO NFs improved due to increase reactive sites of the catalyst and reduced recombination of photo-induced carriers. The surface-area normalized first-order decomposition rates (r/m²) of CNT-YZO NFs showed the highest photocatalytic degradation (99%). The CNT-YZO has produced a new kind of material for the photocatalytic degradation under the irradiation of visible light using a solar simulator.     

四种Keggin型多酸纳米材料的制备及其吸附有机染料的性能

以4种Keggin型多酸作为原料(分别为H₃PW₁₂O₄₀·36H₂O(简写为PW₁₂^a)、H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀·34H₂O(简写为PMo₁₂^a)、H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀·35H₂O(简写为SiW₁₂^a)和H₄GeW₁₂O₄₀·40H₂O(简写为GeW₁₂^a)),采用表面活性剂智能化控制的软化学法制备了相应的4种Keggin型多酸纳米材料,分别为Ag₃PW₁₂O₄₀·36H₂O(简写为PW₁₂^b)、Ag₃PMo₁₂O₄₀·34H₂O(简写为PMo₁₂^b)、Ag₄SiW₁₂O₄₀·35H₂O(简写为SiW₁₂^b)和Ag₄GeW₁₂O₄₀·40H₂O(简写为GeW₁₂^b)。采用IR、UV-Vis、XRD和SEM表征多酸的结构和纳米粒子的形貌。在室内黑暗条件下,100 mg样品可在5 min内把20 mg·L^-1的100 mL亚甲基蓝(MB)染料溶液脱色,使其变为接近无色,吸附效率最高可达96.3%,吸附效率大小为PMo₁₂^b > PW₁₂^b > GeW₁₂^b > SiW₁₂^b。相同条件下,100 mg样品使20 mg·L^-1的100 mL罗丹明B(RhB)染料溶液30 min内脱色完全,脱色效率最高可达96.1%,吸附效率大小为PW₁₂^b > PMo₁₂^b > SiW₁₂^b > GeW₁₂^b。说明该4种多酸纳米材料具有较高的吸附有机染料性能。     

A self-assembled deoxyribonucleic acid concatemer for sensitive detection of single nucleotide polymorphism

Polymerase-free and label-free strategies for DNA detection have shown excellent sensitivity and specificity in various biological samples. Herein, we propose a method for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection by using self-assembled DNA concatemers. Capture probes, bound to magnetic beads, can joint mediator probes by T4 DNA ligase in the presence of target DNA that is complementary to the capture probe and mediator probe. The mediator probes trigger self-assembly of two auxiliary probes on magnetic beads to form DNA concatemers. Separated by a magnetic rack, the double-stranded concatemers on beads can recruit a great amount of SYBR Green I and eventually result in amplified fluorescent signals. In comparison with reported methods for SNP detection, the concatemer-based approach has significant advantages of low background, simplicity, and ultrasensitivity, making it as a convenient platform for clinical applications. As a proof of concept, BRAF^T1799A oncogene mutation, a SNP involved in diverse human cancers, was used as a model target. The developed approach using a fluorescent intercalator can detect as low as 0.1 fM target BRAF^T1799A DNA, which is better than those previously published methods for SNP detection. This method is robust and can be used directly to measure the BRAF^T1799A DNA in complex human serum with excellent recovery (94–103%). It is expected that this assay principle can be directed toward other SNP genes by simply changing the mediator probe and auxiliary probes.     

Speciation and detection of arsenic in aqueous samples: A review of recent progress in non-atomic spectrometric methods

Inorganic arsenic (As) displays extreme toxicity and is a class A human carcinogen. It is of interest to both analytical chemists and environmental scientists. Facile and sensitive determination of As and knowledge of the speciation of forms of As in aqueous samples are vitally important. Nearly every nation has relevant official regulations on permissible limits of drinking water As content. The size of the literature on As is therefore formidable. The heart of this review consists of two tables: one is a compilation of principal official documents and major review articles, including the toxicology and chemistry of As. This includes comprehensive official compendia on As speciation, sample treatment, recommended procedures for the determination of As in specific sample matrices with specific analytical instrument(s), procedures for multi-element (including As) speciation and analysis, and prior comprehensive reviews on arsenic analysis. The second table focuses on the recent literature (2005–2013, the coverage for 2013 is incomplete) on As measurement in aqueous matrices. Recent As speciation and analysis methods based on spectrometric and electrochemical methods, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis and biosensors are summarized. We have deliberately excluded atomic optical spectrometric techniques (atomic absorption, atomic fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry) not because they are not important (in fact the majority of arsenic determinations are possibly carried out by one of these techniques) but because these methods are sufficiently mature and little meaningful innovation has been made beyond what is in the officially prescribed compendia (which are included) and recent reviews are available.     

Molecular ordering in a bipolar nematogenic cyanobiphenyl – a computer simulation approach

The molecular ordering of 4-(6-hydroxypropyloxy)-4′-cyanobiphenyl (H3CBP), a bipolar nematogen, has been carried out at room temperature (300 K) with respect to translatory and orientational motions. The complete neglect differential overlap (CNDO/2) method has been employed to compute the net atomic charge and atomic dipole moment at each atomic center. The modified Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory with multicentered-multipole expansion method has been employed to evaluate long-range intermolecular interactions, while a 6-exp potential function has been assumed for short-range interactions. The interaction energy values obtained through these computations were used to calculate the probability of each configuration at room temperature using the Maxwell–Boltzmann formula. On the basis of stacking, in-plane, and terminal interactions energy calculations, all possible geometrical arrangements of the molecular pair have been considered. Further, an attempt has been made to develop a model for liquid crystallinity based on probability of dimer complexes.     

Silicon nanowires as field-effect transducers for biosensor development: A review

The unique electronic properties and miniaturized dimensions of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are attractive for label-free, real-time and sensitive detection of biomolecules. Sensors based on SiNWs operate as field effect transistors (FETs) and can be fabricated either by top–down or bottom–up approaches. Advances in fabrication methods have allowed for the control of physicochemical and electronic properties of SiNWs, providing opportunity for interfacing of SiNW-FET probes with intracellular environments. The Debye screening length is an important consideration that determines the performance and detection limits of SiNW-FET sensors, especially at physiologically relevant conditions of ionic strength (>100 mM). In this review, we discuss the construction and application of SiNW-FET sensors for detection of ions, nucleic acids and protein markers. Advantages and disadvantages of the top–down and bottom–up approaches for synthesis of SiNWs are discussed. An overview of various methods for surface functionalization of SiNWs for immobilization of selective chemistry is provided in the context of impact on the analytical performance of SiNW-FET sensors. In addition to in vitro examples, an overview of the progress of use of SiNW-FET sensors for ex vivo studies is also presented. This review concludes with a discussion of the future prospects of SiNW-FET sensors.     

催化动力学光度法测定微量硒的研究

在pH 9.56的NaBH4-NaOH缓冲溶液中,Se(Ⅳ)催化亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue)氧化硫离子褪色,由此建立了测定硒的动力学光度法,并确定了反应的最佳条件。结果表明,测定Se(Ⅳ)的线性范围为0~0.18μg/L,检测下限为22μg/L,方法应用于魔芋飞粉中硒含量的测定,简单快速,结果令人满意。     

Green synthesis of ZnO and Co-ZnO using Brassica rapa leave’s extract and their activities as antioxidant agents,efficient adsorbents,and dye removal agents

The wastewater released from industries contains many harmful materials like organic dyes and toxic metal ions which badly affect our environment. Nanotechnology is one of the unique approaches to reducing these chemicals. In current research work monometallic ZnO and Co-ZnO bimetallic NPs were synthesized from Brassica rapa leave’s extract and then these were employed for the elimination of methylene blue (MB) and metal ions of Cu (II). Characterization was done by several analytical techniques such as EDX, FTIR, UV–Visible spectroscopy, SEM and XRD. The average diameter of ZnO and Co-ZnO BMNPs was found to be 32.94 nm and 13.82 nm assessed by XRD analysis. The SEM investigation revealed that the produced NPs had a spherical shape. Three distinct methods have opted to determine the antioxidant potential of synthesized NPs. Different factors like pH, contact time, NPs conc., dye conc. and temperature were studied for the elimination of dye while for the eradication of Cu (II) ions; pH, contact time, NPs conc. and adsorbate doses were studied. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were employed for MB and Cu (II) ions elimination while thermodynamic studies were also done for the elimination of MB.     

Sensitive label-free electrochemical immunoassay by electrocatalytic amplification

A label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of protein analytes without redox-active centers is for the first time developed based on the combination of gold nanoparticles and the mediated charge transport through the multilayer films that is related to an electrocatalytic process. Given the low detection limit, high sensitivity and selectivity, the success achieved here seems plausibly to serve as a significant step toward the development of versatile label-free immunoassay.