粮油品质安全高光谱成像检测技术的研究进展

粮油品质安全至关人类营养健康与生命安全。常规检测粮油品质安全方法,由于操作困难、破坏性强、费用高、试剂污染等缺点,不能满足快速无损,高效无污染的要求,难以与工业4.0接轨。整合光谱和图像手段的高光谱成像技术,伴随着化学计量学的发展,突破了常规检测方法局限性,是粮油品质安全检测技术的发展趋势。在大量文献的基础上,综述了高光谱成像技术原理,以及在品质方面(组分测定、发芽检测、品种分类)和安全方面(真菌检测、虫害检测)的研究进展,特别分析了高光谱成像技术检测粮油品质安全的应用光谱范围、化学计量学方法、仪器设备和模型准确性,指出了现阶段在粮油品质安全检测中存在的主要问题,并对今后的研究方向和重点进行了展望,以期推动高光谱成像技术在粮油领域的应用发展。     

双弹光拍频调制型Fourier-Bessel变换成像光谱技术研究

针对现有弹光调制器(photoelastic-modulator, PEM)的调制频率高(几十kHz以上),调制干涉信号频率更高,普通阵列探测器无法有效采集,提出了一种基于双弹光调制器拍频调制和傅里叶-贝塞尔(Fourier-Bessel)变换的光谱测量方法,并结合CCD成像技术构成新型双弹光调制成像光谱技术(dual-photoelastic-modulator-based imaging spectrometer, Dual-PEM-IS)。该方法将双弹光调制器分别工作在数值略有差异的频率上,以对光进行拍频调制,并产生载有被测光的低频调制分量(比驱动频率小2～3个数量级,普通CCD可实现探测),通过对调制信号中的低频成分进行Fourier-Bessel变换可得到目标光谱,使得弹光调制兼具了成像和光谱测量能力。介绍了其原理并推导出光谱反演公式,并通过仿真和实验验证其可行性,分析了光程差的微小偏差对反演光谱造成的影响,为进一步工程化实现提供了必要的理论基础。     

大孔径静态干涉光谱成像系统(LASIS)中实体Mach-Zehnder干涉仪加工误差容限分析

简要叙述了LASIS光谱成像系统的原理和仪器构成,针对LASIS光谱成像仪像方视场与干涉数据单边过零采样的要求,通过对实体Mach-Zehnder横向剪切干涉仪结构和光路进行分析,并对比Sagnac型横向剪切干涉仪的结构,研究了该干涉仪的附加光程差与加工误差的关系,给出了附加光程差公式和误差容限公式,对探测器阵面上光程差变化的非线性效应影响进行了分析和仿真。结果表明,相比Sagnac型横向剪切干涉仪,因实体Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的非共光路特点产生的附加光程差会导致探测器上的零光程位置的偏移,为保证过零单边采样的要求,需对干涉仪的尺寸误差进行严格约束,其中组成干涉仪的两块非对称五角棱镜非对称量的匹配误差小于0.02 mm;而探测器上光程差变化的非线性效应引起的光谱复原误差小于0.2%,基本可以忽略不计。     

基于成像光谱技术的作物杂草识别研究

杂草识别是变量喷雾和物理方法精确除草的前提。利用自主设计的地面成像光谱系统在自然环境下获取了胡萝卜幼苗以及马齿苋、牛筋草和地锦等杂草在380～760 nm波长区间的高光谱数据,通过对数据归一化消除光照条件的影响之后,运用逐步法进行波段选择,采用Fisher线性判别方法对杂草与胡萝卜幼苗进行了识别。结果表明,当把每种杂草都作为一类加以精细区分时,运用选择的8个波段建立模型对杂草和胡萝卜幼苗的识别率达85%左右;当把杂草整体作为一类与胡萝卜幼苗进行区分时,运用选择的7个波段识别率高于91%。同时为了设计低成本的杂草识别系统,通过穷举法选择最优的2和3波段组合,其中最优3波段组合对杂草胡萝卜幼苗的识别能力与逐步法选择的5个波段相当,整体识别率达89%。此外发现,红边波段对杂草有着显著的识别能力。     

Experimental lower bounds on geometrically necessary dislocation density

A single nickel crystal is indented with a wedge indenter such that a two-dimensional deformation state with three effective plane strain slip systems is induced. The in-plane lattice rotation of the crystal lattice is measured with a three micrometer spatial resolution using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM). All non-zero components of the Nye dislocation density tensor are calculated from the lattice rotation field. A rigorous analytical expression is derived for the lower bound of the total Geometrically Necessary Dislocation (GND) density. Existence and uniqueness of the lower bound are demonstrated, and the apportionment of the total GND density onto the effective individual slip systems is determined. The lower bound solution reduces to the exact solution under circumstances in which only one or two of the effective slip systems are known to have been activated. The results give insight into the active slip systems as well as the dislocation structures formed in the nickel crystal as a result of the wedge indentation.     

Critical Analyses of Order Parameter and Phase Transitions at High Density in Gross－Neveu Model

By critical analyses of the order parameter of symmetry breaking, we have researched the phase transitions at high density in D = 2 and D = 3 Gross-Neveu (GN) model and shown that the gap equation obeyed by the dynamical fermion mass has the same effectivenesss as the effective potentials for such analyses of all the second order and some specJal first order phase transitions. In the meantime we also further ironed out a theoretical divergence and proven that in D = 3 GN model a first order phase transition does occur in the case of zero temperature and finite chemical potential.     

Raman analysis of underglaze pigments on porcelain art

A Raman analysis of the cobalt blue underglaze pigment on intact Ming porcelain plates from the Hongzhi (1488–1505) and Wanli (1573–1620) periods is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人体肿瘤组织的拉曼光谱相关系数成像

运用逐点扫描(Scanning)采谱技术,测量了人体乳腺肿瘤组织的阵列拉曼光谱集(Mapping);利用自编的软件,分析和计算了该谱集与参考谱DNA、细胞质等拉曼谱的相关系数;并将其映射为灰度值,构建了点阵的相关系数成像。结果表明,相关系数成像较好地反映了参考谱所代表的生化成分的分布;DNA谱与组织中其他成分谱的相关性很小,因此DNA谱的相关系数成像能够直接地反映成像区域DNA的分布,可信度尤其高。该研究结果为进一步研究乳腺肿瘤的拉曼诊断方法奠定了一定基础。     

高血压患者血清中八种金属元素的

通过对48名高血压患者和52名正常健康人进行血清中八种金属元素的检测,探讨了人体必需金属元素的含量变化是否与患高血压疾病有直接的关系。采用离心分离的方法处理样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法检测样品中钙、镁、钾、钠、锌、铜、铁和锰的水平含量。结果表明,患高血压组血清Na、Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn的水平含量均高于健康对照组,其中Na、Mn两组间比较差异显著（P＜0．05）,Zn、Fe两组间比较差异非常显著（P＜0．01）,Mg两组间比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05);患高血压组血清Na／K比值均高于健康对照组,Ca/Mg、Cu/Zn比值均低于健康对照组。检测的八种金属元素在人体内的含量多少与患高血压疾病有一定的关系。提示适当增补体内的Ca、K、Cu和Mg含量,减少Na的过多摄入,科学控制Zn、Fe、Mn的增加,注意体内Na/K、Ca/Mg和Cu/Zn比值的平衡关系,降低Na/K比,提高Cu/Zn比,补Ca的同时一定要注意适当补充Mg,保持体内各元素间的相互依赖关系,有利于高血压病的预防和治疗。     

Melt stirring effect of a weak magnetic field on crystal growth

Melt stirring effect of a weak magnetic field for the natural convection of liquid metal in an electrically adiabatic cubic enclosure heated from one vertical wall and cooled from an opposing wall was studied by a fully transient three-dimensional numerical analyses and the reasoning for melt stirring effect was clarified from the numerical results. Similar techniques were applied for the melt convection in a cylindrical Czochralski crystal growing crucible with an application of a vertical magnetic field. In a static crucible, central fluid column rotated in a magnetic field and in a rotating crucible, central fluid column did not rotate in a magnetic field. These peculiar characteristics could have been explained due to the Lorentz force.