氢化物－无色散原子荧光法测定人发中的铅

本文研究了氢化物－无色散原子荧光法测定人发中的铅。仔细检测了各种共存离子引起的干扰。仅铜（６０μｇ／ｍＬ）引起负误差。增加铁氰化钾的用量，克服了铜的干扰。方法的检出限为０．００１５μｇ／ｍＬ，相对标准偏差４．６６％，回收率在９５％－９８％范围。本法快速、灵敏。已用于人发样品的测定，得到满意结果。     

水浴浸提-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法检测土壤中痕量砷和汞

采用盐酸-硝酸混合酸水浴浸提土壤样品,以氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定土壤中砷和汞,同时对前处理酸的用量和样品介质(盐酸)进行了试验,筛选出检测土壤中砷和汞的浸提最佳实验条件为6mL HCI、0.5mL HNO3、样品介质(盐酸)3mL HCl,并对国家级土壤标准物质GBW07402、GBW07404和土壤样品进行验证,测定结果与标准值相吻合.方法的检出限为As:0.096 μg·L-1,Hg:0.031 μg·L-1;加标回收率为As:90.41%,Hg:82.22%.相对标准偏差As:3.3%,Hg:5.19%.     

Precise generation of dynamic biochemical signals by controlling the programmable pump in a Y-shaped microfluidic chip with a “christmas tree” inlet

The generation of dynamic biochemical signals in a microfluidic control system is of importance for the study of the interaction between biological cells and their niches. However, most of microfluidic control systems are not able to provide dynamic biochemical signals with high precision and stability due to inherent mechanical vibrations caused by the actuators of the programmable pumps. In this paper, we propose a novel microfluidic feedback control system integrating an external feedback control system with a Y-shaped microfluidic chip with a “Christmas tree” inlet. The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is implemented to reduce the influence of vibrations. In order to regulate the control parameters efficiently, a mathematical model is built to describe the actuator of the programmable pump, in which a fractional-order model is utilized. Both simulation and experimental studies are carried out, confirming that the microfluidic feedback control system can precisely and stably generate desired dynamic biochemical signals.     

Low-Coordinate Monomeric Zinc Hydride Complexes with Encapsulating Dipyrromethene Ligands and Reactivity with B(C6F5)3

The dipyrromethene (DPM) ligand is the key to isolation of monomeric Zn hydride complexes with tricoordinate zinc centers. A range of ^RDPM ligands with various substituents in the pole position (1,9-positions) were prepared: R = tBu, adamantyl (Ad), mesityl (Mes), 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (DIPP), 2,4,6-triphenylphenyl (Mes*), or 9-anthracenyl (Anth). Reaction of the ligands with Et₂Zn gave a series of (^RDPM)ZnEt complexes, which were converted with I₂ to the corresponding (^RDPM)ZnI compounds. The latter reacted by salt metathesis with KN(iPr)HBH₃ to the series of Zn hydride complexes (^RDPM)ZnH. For ligands with the larger Mes* and Anth substituents, (^RDPM)ZnEt was converted to (^RDPM)ZnOSiPh₃, which after reaction with PhSiH₃ gave the hydrides. While Zn hydride complexes with R = tBu or Ad are dimeric, all complexes with aryl-substituents are monomeric. The aryl groups span a cavity around the metal, blocking dimerization and causing a high-field shift of the ¹H NMR signals due to the ASIS effect. Attempted abstraction of the hydride with B(C₆F₅)₃ led to cleavage of the B-C₆F₅ bond.     

Ruthenium hydride complexes of chiral and achiral diphosphazane ligands and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions

The half-sandwhich ruthenium chloro complexes bearing chelated diphosphazane ligands, [(η⁵-Cp)RuCl{κ²-P,P-(RO)₂PN(Me)P(OR)₂}] [R = C₆H₃Me₂-2,6] (1) and [(η⁵-Cp^∗)RuCl{κ²-P,P-X₂PN(R)PYY′}] [R = Me, X = Y = Y′ = OC₆H₅ (2); R = CHMe₂, X₂ = C₂₀H₁₂O₂, Y = Y′ = OC₆H₅ (3) or OC₆H₄^tBu-4 (4)] have been prepared by the reaction of CpRu(PPh₃)₂Cl with (RO)₂PN(Me)P(OR)₂ [R = C₆H₃Me₂-2,6 (L¹)] or by the reaction of [Cp^∗RuCl₂]_n with X₂PN(R)PYY′ in the presence of zinc dust. Among the four diastereomers (two enantiomeric pairs) possible for the “chiral at metal” complexes 3 and 4, only two diastereomers (one enantiomeric pair) are formed in these reactions. The complexes 1, 2, 4 and [(η⁵-Cp)RuCl{κ²-P,P-Ph₂PN((S)-^∗CHMePh)PPhY}] [Y = Ph (5) or N₂C₃HMe₂-3,5 (S_CS_PR_Ru)-(6)] react with NaOMe to give the corresponding hydride complexes [(η⁵-Cp)RuH{κ²-P,P-(RO)₂PN(Me)P(OR)₂}] (7), [(η⁵-Cp^∗)RuH{κ²-P,P′-X₂PN(R)PY₂}] [R = Me, X = Y = OC₆H₅ (8); R = CHMe₂, X₂ = C₂₀H₁₂O₂, Y = OC₆H₄^tBu-4 (9)] and [(η⁵-Cp)RuH{κ²-P,P-Ph₂PN((S)-^∗CHMePh)PPhY}][Y = Ph (10) or N₂C₃HMe₂-3,5 (S_CS_PR_Ru)-(11a) and (S_CS_PS_Ru)-(11b)]. Only one enantiomeric pair of the hydride 9 is obtained from the chloro precursor 4 that bears sterically bulky substituents at the phosphorus centers. On the other hand, the optically pure trichiral complex 6 that bears sterically less bulky substituents at the phosphorus gives a mixture of two diastereomers (11a and 11b). Protonation of complex 7 using different acids (HX) gives a mixture of [(η⁵-Cp)Ru(η²-H₂){κ²-P,P-(RO)₂PN(Me)P(OR)₂}]X (12a) and [(η⁵-Cp)Ru(H)₂{κ²-P,P-(RO)₂PN(Me)P(OR)₂}]X (12b) of which 12a is the major product independent of the acid used; the dihydrogen nature of 12a is established by T₁ measurements and also by synthesizing the deuteride analogue 7-D followed by protonation to obtain the D-H isotopomer. Preliminary investigations on asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 2-acetonaphthone in the presence of a series of chiral diphosphazane ligands show that diphosphazanes in which the phosphorus centers are strong π-acceptor in character and bear sterically bulky substituents impart moderate levels of enantioselectivity. Attempts to identify the hydride intermediate involved in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation by a model reaction suggests that a complex of the type, [Ru(H)(Cl){κ²-P,P-X₂PN(R)PY₂}(solvent)₂] could be the active species in this transformation.     

倾斜入射光入射于一维非线性光子晶体中带宽加宽的二次谐波的产生

研究了置于空气中的含缺陷的一维非线性光子晶体中二次谐波的产生.由于反射的二次谐波很强而不能忽略,缓变振幅近似在系统中是不适用的.本文提出了一种不采用缓变振幅近似来处理二次谐波产生问题的方法,并应用这种方法计算相关的二次谐波转换效率.结果表明:随着入射波角度的增加,缺陷模对应的波长将变短,并且通过调整基频波入射的角度,可以产生宽带宽并且高转换效率的二次谐波.这个方法适用于任何一维非均匀系统,可以简单方便地计算出二次谐波转换效率.     

A theoretical scheme for generation of Gazeau-Klauder coherent states via intensity-dependent degenerate Raman interaction

A theoretical scheme is presented for generating Gazeau-Klauder coherent states (GKCSs) via the generalization of degenerate Raman interaction with coupling constant to intensity dependent coupling. Firstly, we prove that in the intensity dependent degenerate Raman interaction, under particular conditions, the modified effective Hamiltonian can be used instead of Hamiltonian in the interaction picture, for describing the atom-field interaction. We suppose that the cavity field is initially prepared in a nonlinear CS, which is not temporally stable. As we will observe, after the occurrence of the interaction between atom and field, the generated state involves a superposition of GKCSs which are temporally stable and initial nonlinear CS. Under specific conditions which may be prepared, the generated state just includes GKCS. So, in this way we produced the GKCS, successfully.     

氢化物-KI_3-罗丹明6G体系荧光法测定痕量硒

硒是人和动物体内必需的微量元素,但硒摄入过量会导致硒中毒,因此痕量硒的准确检测具有非常重要的意义。本研究目的是建立一种灵敏、具有选择性测定硒的氢化物发生荧光分析新方法。在0.36mol·L-1硫酸介质中,以NaBH4为还原剂,Se(Ⅳ)被还原为H2Se气体。用KI3溶液作为吸收液,I-3被H2Se气体还原成I-。当加入罗丹明6G时,罗丹明6G(Rh6G)与吸收液中的I-3形成缔合微粒导致荧光强度减弱。有Se(Ⅳ)存在时,罗丹明6G与I-3结合较少,剩余量增多,荧光强度增强。优化了分析条件,选择0.36mol·L-1 H2SO4,21.6g·L-1 NaBH4,23.3μmol·L-1 Rh6G,50μmol·L-1 KI3,激发波长为480nm时瑞利散射不影响荧光测量。在选定条件下,Se(Ⅳ)浓度在0.02~0.60μg·mL-1范围内与562nm处的荧光强度增加值ΔF呈线性关系,线性回归方程为ΔF562nm=12.6c+20.9,方法检出限为0.01μg·mL-1。考察了共存物质对氢化物发生-分子荧光法测定5.07×10-6 mol·L-1 Se(Ⅳ)的干扰情况。结果表明该法具有较高的选择性,即0.5mmol·L-1的Ba2+,Ca2+,Zn2+,Fe3+,0.25mmol·L-1的Mg2+,0.05mmol·L-1的K+,0.2mmol·L-1的Al 3+,0.025mmol·L-1的Te(Ⅵ)均对测定不产生干扰。Hg2+,Cd2+和Cu2+等易与Se(Ⅳ)结合生成沉淀,干扰Se(Ⅳ)的测定,这些干扰离子可以通过加入络合剂消除干扰。该氢化物发生-分子荧光光谱新方法已用于水中痕量硒的测定,结果满意,回收率在91.8%~107.1%之间。     

Simultaneous Determination of Se and Te in Ores by HG-AFS After Online Preconcentration with Nano-TiO2 Immobilized on Silica GelSCIEI北大核心CSCD

A simple, sensitive and interference-free method was established for simultaneous determination of trace selenium and tellurium in ore samples by HG-AFS, by using nano-TiO2-immobilized on a silica gel packed microcolumn for online preconcentration. Selenium and tellurium were selectively adsorbed to the microcolumn in acidic condition and then completely eluted with 2% (m/v) NaOH solution. The experimental conditions for hydride generation, adsorption, elution and potential interference were investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of selenium and tellurium by the proposed method with 180 s sampling time were 4.0 and 3.6 ng.L-1, with sensitivity enhancement of 20- and 13-fold compared to conventional hydride generation method, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=5) of this method for 1 mu g.L-1 Se(IV) and Te(IV) were 0.7% and 2.3, respectively. This method was applied to determination of selenium and tellurium in several ore samples.     

Advances in On-Line Hydride Generation Atomic Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic

Flow analysis has played a major role in many areas of chemical analysis, making operations more robust and precise. It facilitates experimental studies opening new areas of research. In the field of arsenic research, there are various examples of surveys concerning arsenic determination and its species with the use of flow injection analysis (FIA) and sequential injection analysis (SIA). The increasing concern over the human exposure to arsenic and its species has necessitated the development of rapid, highly sensitive, precise, and accurate analytical methods for its determination in trace levels in environmental and biological samples. This review provides a literature survey on the automatic on-line hydride generation methodologies coupled to atomic spectrometry for determination of inorganic and organic arsenic species, during the last decades. All advances in on-line manifolds are categorized and highlighted. There are several reports of manifolds and setup instrumentation concerning hydride generation including continuous flow analysis (CFA), FIA, SIA, lab-on-valve (LOV), multicommutation flow systems, and hyphenated techniques. On-line preconcentration and pretreatment methodologies coupled with hydride generation such as solid phase extraction, co-precipitation and trapping are also discussed, as they are of particular interest in the development of fully automated methods.