Absorption and photoluminescence of PbS QDs in glasses

Optical properties of PbS quantum dots (QDs) precipitated inside the oxide glass matrix were investigated. Photoluminescence (PL) from the PbS QDs showed peak wavelengths located at 1170–1680 nm with widths of 150–550 nm. Radii of QDs in glasses were 2.3–4.7 nm depending upon the thermal treatment. Peak wavelengths of PL bands shifted as much as 70 nm as the temperatures and excitation irradiances increased. Calculated effective local temperatures indicated that these shifts of PL spectra were associated with local heating induced by the temperatures and laser beam.     

Terahertz plasmon-emitting graphene-channel transistor

In this work we propose and analyze the possibility of creating terahertz plasmon-emitting graphene-channel transistor. It is shown that at electric pumping the damping of the terahertz plasmons can give way to their amplification, when the real part of the dynamic conductivity of graphene becomes negative in the terahertz range of frequencies due to the interband population inversion.     

Tailoring chemical and physical properties of graphene-added DNA hybrid thin films

While the characteristics of DNA and graphene are well studied, the chemical and physical properties of graphene-embedded DNA and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride-modified DNA (CT-DNA) hybrid thin films (HTFs) have been rarely discussed due to the limited development of fabrication methodologies. Herein, we developed a simple drop-casting method for constructing DNA and CT-DNA HTFs added with graphene nanopowder (GNP). Additionally, we demonstrated their distinct characteristics, such as their structure, elemental composition, spin states and chemical functional groups, binding interactions, vibration/stretching modes by UV–Vis absorption, PL, and electrical measurements. The EDS spectra of GNP-added DNA HTFs showed C, N, O, Na, and P peaks at characteristic energies. Because of the physical adsorption of GNP on DNA, the peak shifts and suppression of the core spectra of O 1s and P 2p were observed by XPS. The intensity variation of Raman and FTIR bands indicated hybrid formation of GNP in DNA and CT-DNA through adsorption, electrostatic interaction, and π–π stacking. UV–Vis absorption and PL spectra showed the considerable influence of GNP in DNA and CT-DNA HTFs. DNA and CT-DNA HTFs with relatively higher [GNP] showed significant increases of current due to the formation of interconnected networks of GNP in the DNA and CT-DNA HTFs.     

Design of a new technique based on combination of ultrasound waves via magnetite solid phase and cloud point microextraction for determination of Cr(III) ions

In this work, we focused on development of a new techniques by coupling of ultrasound irradiation, cloud point method and magnetite solid phase microextraction for the extraction and preconcentration of Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions. In order to reduce cost and improve practicability of proposed process a new efficient and regenerable magnetite sorbent (functionalized chitosan grafted-amino graphene oxide (GO) decorated by zinc ferrite nanoparticles (CS-GO-Zn: Fe₂O₄)) was synthesized through hydrothermal method and then characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. Effect of initial sample volume and type, volume and concentration of eluent on the ER%_Cr(III) were investigated and optimized using one at a time method. Correlation between the main and interaction effects of other operational parameters such as Cr(III) ion concentration, CS-GO-Zn: Fe₂O₄ mass, sonication time, pH and solution temperature on the ER%_Cr(III) were investigated and optimized by central composite design coupled with desirability function approach. The results revealed that there were significant effects for most investigated terms on the ER%_Cr(III) and maximum ER% of 88.09% was obtained in desirability value of 1.0. This maximum efficiency was obtained at 0.035 µg/mL Cr(III) ion concentration, 40.16 °C temperature, 0.016 g of CS-GO-Zn: Fe₂O₄, pH 6.36 and 9.20 min sonication time. In addition, under the optimal conditions the linear range, limit of detection, enrichment factor and relative standard deviation were found to be 0.02–4.4 µg/mL, 0.002 µg/mL, 23.23 and 1.68% respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the separation and preconcentration of Cr(III) ion from tap, river and mineral waters.     

Ab initio study of the electronic and transport properties of waved graphene nanoribbons

We apply the nonequilibrium Green's function method based on density functional theory to investigate the electronic and transport properties of waved zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons. Our calculations show that out-of-plane mechanical deformations have a strong influence on the band structures and transport characteristics of graphene nanoribbons. The computed I-V curves demonstrate that the electrical conductance of graphene nanoribbons is significantly affected by deformations. The relationship between the conductance and the compression ratio is found to be sensitive to the type of the nanoribbon. The results of our study indicate the possibility of mechanical control of the electronic and transport properties of graphene nanoribbons.     

Optical properties of geometrically optimized graphene quantum dots

We derive effective tight-binding model for geometrically optimized graphene quantum dots and based on it we investigate corresponding changes in their optical properties in comparison to ideal structures. We consider hexagonal and triangular dots with zigzag and armchair edges. Using density functional theory methods we show that displacement of lattice sites leads to changes in atomic distances and in consequence modifies their energy spectrum. We derive appropriate model within tight-binding method with edge-modified hopping integrals. Using group theoretical analysis, we determine allowed optical transitions and investigate oscillatory strength between bulk–bulk, bulk–edge and edge–edge transitions. We compare optical joint density of states for ideal and geometry optimized structures. We also investigate an enhanced effect of sites displacement which can be designed in artificial graphene-like nanostructures. A shift of absorption peaks is found for small structures, vanishing with increasing system size.     

Vibration analysis of defective graphene sheets using nonlocal elasticity theory

Many papers have studied the free vibration of graphene sheets. However, all this papers assumed their atomic structure free of any defects. Nonetheless, they actually contain some defects including single vacancy, double vacancy and Stone-Wales defects. This paper, therefore, investigates the free vibration of defective graphene sheets, rather than pristine graphene sheets, via nonlocal elasticity theory. Governing equations are derived using nonlocal elasticity and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The influence of structural defects on the vibration of graphene sheets is considered by applying the mechanical properties of defective graphene sheets. Afterwards, these equations solved using generalized differential quadrature method (GDQ). The small-scale effect is applied in the governing equations of motion by nonlocal parameter. The effects of different defect types are inspected for graphene sheets with clamped or simply-supported boundary conditions on all sides. It is shown that the natural frequencies of graphene sheets decrease by introducing defects to the atomic structure. Furthermore, it is found that the number of missing atoms, shapes and distributions of structural defects play a significant role in the vibrational behavior of graphene. The effect of vacancy defect reconstruction is also discussed in this paper.     

CMOS传感器紫外敏化膜层的厚度优化及其光电性能测试

采用真空热阻蒸方式在CMOS图像传感器感光面上镀制不同厚度性比价高的Lumogen薄膜.研究发现不同Lumogen薄膜厚度的CMOS传感器的暗电流噪声未发生明显变化,说明真空热蒸发方式对互补金属氧化物半导体器件本身未造成热损伤;光响应非均匀度随膜厚增加而增大;动态范围却随膜厚增加而减小;量子效率随膜厚增加呈现先增大后减小.同时,研究发现敏化膜层最佳厚度为389nm,此时CMOS传感器的量子效率提高了10%,且光响应非均匀度,动态范围均在相对较好的范围内.     

The electronic transport characteristics of hybridized hexagon beryllium sulfide and graphene nanoribbons

Hybridized Z-Be_xS_yC_z $(x+y+z=16)$ systems connected by zigzag beryllium-sulfide (BeS) and graphene nanoribbons are theoretically designed, and their electronic transport characteristics are explored by first-principles approach. For the hybridized systems with unequal number of x and y, i.e. z is an odd number, an exceptional negative differential resistance (NDR) property occurs. However, for the hybridized systems including an even number of zigzag carbon chains, namely x equal to y, an interesting current-limited behavior happens. Meanwhile, the NDR phenomenon disappears. The spin transport properties of these hybridized Z-Be_xS_yC_z systems with parallel magnetism configuration also reveal the above odd–even dependence conductance behavior.     

氧化物电致电阻变换与自束缚载流子

在多种氧化物材料和器件中观察到了可重复、可复制和可反转的电致电阻变换或电阻开 关(resistance switching) 行为,这种行为可能应用于不丢失信息存储,因此得到了广泛关注。由 于材料和样品结构的多样性和观察到的氧化物电致电阻变换效应显现出多层次的行为,这为分析 驱动机制带来了复杂性。目前,提出了多种假设来解释氧化物电阻变换效应,而最广泛使用的是 的氧空位扩散（负离子迁移）形成导电细丝的模型,而导电细丝的形成和破坏对应于电阻变换效 应的“开”与“关”。然而,分析不同实验组发表的大量实验结果清楚表明,氧化物电致电阻变换 存在着不依赖电场极性、电致电阻变换下锰氧化物材料的电阻下降以及材料离子化学态的发生变 化等重要特征。这些实验结果展示的共有主要特征清楚说明,氧化物电致电阻变换的机制应该不 是电场下氧空位迁移形成导电细丝模型所描述的。认真分析和可调整超导、磁学性质等结果都表 明,我们应该考虑载流子注入效应。虽然彻底理解氧化物电致电阻变换行为仍然需要进一步的研 究工作,但载流子注入与自束缚载流子观点描绘出了相当合理的图像, 来理解观察到的大量不同 研究组发表的多种多样氧化物电致电阻变换行为实验结果。综合来看,外加电场下氧化物的电阻 变换与引起的相关现象可能会开辟出一个奇异的全新研究与应用领域。