Endoscopic optical probe with a PZT actuator and MR tracker

A miniaturized optical probe with a magnetic-resistance (MR) position tracker and piezoelectric-transduce (PZT) mirror system was developed for endoscopic optical imaging. All of the optical components such as collimation and focal lenses, reflection mirror, PZT linear actuator and MR sensor were wholly packaged in a single scanning probe with a volume of 3.57 cm³. This endoscopic probe has the advantages of having a small volume, extended stroke length (4.5 mm), high scanning speed (18.2 mm/s), efficient recoupling ratio (78.3%) and high spatial resolution (11.7 μm) compared to conventional endoscopes. Consequently, it showed the potential for improving the endoscopic imaging system and utilizing the image-guided robotic surgery system.     

NaLi分子飞秒含时光电子能谱的理论研究

运用三态模型和含时波包方法,研究了NaLi分子处于强飞秒抽运-探测激光场中的波包动力学过程和时间分辨光电子能谱,并且揭示了飞秒激光脉冲参数与NaLi分子光电子能谱之间的关系.研究发现:对于不同的激光波长,波包的振动周期是不同的,而且随着抽运-探测脉冲延迟时间的不同,NaLi分子光电子能谱的谱峰高度和位置发生变化;当λ1=352 nm并且?t=400 fs时,外阱中相应的光电离信号(0.5 eV处)明显强于内阱中相应的光电离信号(1.35 eV处).计算结果表明,NaLi分子激发态41Σ+上波包动力学的一些信息能够通过其光电子能谱反映出来.这些结果可以为实验上实现分子的光控制以及量子操控过程提供一些有价值的参考信息,并为进一步的理论研究提供重要依据.     

内窥式二维光纤扫描探头及其驱动方法

基于压电换能器技术设计了一种应用于光学相干层析成像的新型内窥式二维光纤扫描探头,即利用两片压电陶瓷片和一片薄导电基片驱动光纤探头.该探头利用光纤悬臂的共振特性,通过对压电陶瓷施加等于光纤共振频率的混频信号,能同时激发光纤悬臂两正交方向上的振动,可以实现光纤悬臂的二维扫描.建立了理论模型并进行了有限元仿真分析,最后搭建了实验系统,验证并获得了扫描图样.实验结果实现了光纤悬臂的二维扫描,扫描范围达到(500×500)μm,调节驱动信号振幅幅值可以调节扫描范围.实验结果与理论分析和仿真相吻合,验证了方案的可行性.     

Hg2+‐Induced In Situ Generated Radical Cation of (S)‐BINOL‐Based Polymer for Highly Enantioselective Recognition of Phenylalaninol

Phenylalaninol enantiomers are one of the most important chiral compounds due to its presence in biologically active molecules and pharmaceutical products. In this paper, a novel chiral fluorescence polymer sensor incorporating (S)‐BINOL and oligomeric aniline via a nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction is designed and synthesized. Polymer sensor exhibits “turn‐off” fluorescence quenching response upon the addition of Hg²⁺, and “turn‐on” moderate fluorescence enhancement behavior towards phenylalaninol enantiomers. Meanwhile, this kind of (S)‐BINOL‐based polymer sensor can exhibit highly selective enantioselective recognition response towards (L)‐phenylalaninol upon the addition of Hg²⁺ and the value of ef can reach as high as 5.4, which can be attributed to the formation of in situ generated radical cation arisen from oligomeric aniline moiety by Hg²⁺ induction.

     

Detection of counterfeit Scotch whisky samples using mid-infrared spectrometry with an attenuated total reflectance probe incorporating polycrystalline silver halide fibres

Two methods of analysis were developed to permit detection of counterfeit Scotch whisky samples using a novel attenuated total reflectance (ATR) diamond-tipped immersion probe for mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry. The first method allowed determination of the ethanol concentration (35–45% (v/v)) in situ without dilution of the samples; the results obtained compared well with the supplied concentrations (average relative error of 1.2% and 0.8% for univariate and multivariate partial least squares (PLS) calibration, respectively). The second method involved analysis of dried residues of the whisky samples and caramel solutions on the diamond ATR crystal; principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectra was used to classify the samples and investigate the colorant added. Seventeen test whisky samples were successfully categorised as either authentic or counterfeit in a blind study when both MIR methods were used.     

Compositional and structural characterization of alloyed carbide by 3D atom probe and high‐resolution TEM

During tempering of solute supersaturated ferrous martensite, the face‐centered cubic MC‐type carbides (M is alloy elements) such as VC and NbC phases usually co‐precipitate on crystal defects such as dislocation and take on plate‐like morphology. Over‐tempering makes the plate‐like shape change to spherical shape because of Ostwald coarsening. The coarsening process strongly correlates to the diffusion behaviors of the carbon and carbide‐forming elements, and consequently inhomogeneous compositional and structural distribution in the carbides is formed. Three‐dimensional atom probe and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy have been proved useful methods to characterize the composition, morphology and nanostructure of the carbides that precipitate in a quench‐tempered micro‐alloyed steel. Depending on the actual affinity with C and the diffusion behavior, Si and Al are rejected from the alloy carbide, whereas Mn, V and Nb are inhomogeneously enriched in it. The morphology and structure change with the compositional redistribution. During the coarsening process of the pre‐existing plate‐like carbide, transition carbide that is semi‐coherent with ferritic matrix is formed because of the disparity in diffusion ratio of different solutes. A core–shell complex nanostructure is consequently formed in the coarsening carbide, and the core and shell are identified as V₈C₇ enriched in Mn, Mo and Mo₂C, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vapor Pressures of Phenethyl Alcohol in the System Water-Phenethyl Alcohol and the Triblock Copolymer EO4.5PO59 EO4.5

ABSTRACT

The phase diagram of water, phenethyl alcohol (PEA) and the triblock copolymer EO_4.5PO₅₉EO_4.5, (EO = ethylene oxide, PO = propylene oxide), L101, was determined and the vapor pressures of PEA were measured for different phases.

The phase diagram was almost identical to the corresponding one with a simple nonionic surfactant, Laureth 4, (?C₁₂EO₄), but the PEA vapor pressure variation with mole fraction was significantly different reflecting the strong molecular interaction between PEA and the polymer. This distinction was mainly due to difference in molecular size; vapor pressure plots against weight fraction gave curves with only moderate variance.

The results were used to discuss the variation in the PEA vapor pressure with time after application of a vesicular solution of PEA stabilized either by L101 or Laureth 4. The moderate differences in vapor pressures had a significant influence on the estimated curves of PEA pressure versus time.     

Unexpected remote effect in red fluorescent sensors based on extended APTRA

Herein is described the synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of three new OFF–ON red-emitting and water-soluble sensors, CAXR (Clicked APTRA X-Rhodamine). These dyes are based on an extended APTRA (aminophenol triacetic acid) motif. Three different side chains were added by click chemistry in order to complete the coordination sphere with a chelate moiety composed of a triazolyl and an iminol. The fluorescent response (F/F₀) of these probes follows the order: Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Pb²⁺>Hg²⁺. An important and unexpected effect of the side chain structure on the Kd was observed (up to one order of magnitude, Cadmium Kd from 252 to 21 μM). This remote effect of the side chains was studied by DFT calculations and was attributed to a twisted conformation of the CAXR-Py:Cd²⁺ complex.     

Rhodamine based derivative and its zinc complex: synthesis and recognition behavior toward Hg(II)

A simple fluorescent probe, which contains rhodamine and aminoquinoline moieties, was designed and prepared for selective detection of Hg²⁺ in acetonitrile. RbQ exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward Hg²⁺ over other common metal ions. The recognition of RbQ toward Hg²⁺ can be detected by fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra, and even by naked eyes. The binding ratio of the RbQ–Hg²⁺ complex was found to be 1:1 according to Job plot experiment, and the limit of detection was 1.05×10⁻⁷ M. Moreover, the prepared complex RbQ–Zn²⁺ (RbQZ) could detect Hg²⁺ in a ratiometric way and showed lower limit of detection (2.95×10⁻⁸ M) than RbQ in the same condition. Finally, we also demonstrated that the aminoquinoline–zinc complex could be served as a new and effective FRET donor for rhodamine derivatives.     

磷酸缓冲盐和硫酸钠对洋葱假单胞菌脂肪酶的非水相激活

研究了kosmotropic型磷酸缓冲盐和硫酸钠对洋葱假单胞菌脂肪酶(Pseudomonas cepacia lipase, PCL)非水相催化性能的影响.以往磷酸缓冲盐被用来调控体系的pH值,其掺杂量对酶的催化活性无明显影响,而适量硫酸钠的掺杂则可有效提高酶在非水相的催化活性.本文研究发现,通过精确调控冻干过程,磷酸缓冲盐掺杂能够将PCL在有机相中的转酯化活性提高近10倍,达到其水相本征活性的50%,这一激活效果甚至高于硫酸钠掺杂.利用热重方法分析了盐掺杂PCL的含水量和蛋白结构,并将失重结果同其在有机相中的催化活性相关联,发现PCL在磷酸缓冲盐和硫酸钠掺杂下的催化构型与蛋白含水量及其周围盐环境具有不同的依赖关系.利用2-(4’-氨基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并恶唑作为荧光探针,研究了磷酸缓冲盐和硫酸钠掺杂的PCL悬浮于有机相时对荧光探针发射光谱的影响,发现盐掺杂酶制剂的存在能够大大增加荧光探针稳定于极性溶剂的构型含量,这可能与蛋白周围掺杂盐键和的水分子有关.如果用探针分子稳定于极性溶剂和非极性溶剂的构型比值间接表示悬浮酶制剂的极性结构,在正己烷体系中硫酸钠掺杂的PCL具有比磷酸缓冲盐掺杂的PCL大得多的极性,且酶制剂的极性大小与其非水相转酯化活性之间具有相似的变化趋势.上述研究结果表明,掺杂盐对粗PCL酶制剂的激活可能部分归因于掺杂盐键和的水分子在蛋白周围构筑的极性环境.