影响含硫化物的地下工程围岩中锚固体系侵蚀的主要因素研究(英文)

采用复合式衬砌的隧道及地下工程,锚喷支护系统的耐久性直接影响结构的稳定性和运营年限。锚杆主体属于钢构件,极易遭受侵蚀。从采用复合式衬砌的隧道及地下工程的结构特点可知,对于一定形式的锚杆,所遭受的侵蚀作用主要取决于锚杆与来自围岩的侵蚀性地下水的相互作用。本文探讨了含硫化物围岩中影响锚杆侵蚀的主要因素,描述了侵蚀性地下水的形成,以及锚杆侵蚀作用的物理化学机理,并提出了基于此机理的含硫化物围岩中锚杆使用年限的估算方法。     

Contribution to single-point closure Reynolds-stress modelling of inhomogeneous flow

This paper is concerned with recent advances in the development of near wall-normal-free Reynolds-stress models, whose single point closure formulation, based on the inhomogeneity direction concept, is completely independent of the distance from the wall, and of the normal to the wall direction. In the present approach the direction of the inhomogeneity unit vector is decoupled from the coefficient functions of the inhomogeneous terms. A study of the relative influence of the particular closures used for the rapid redistribution terms and for the turbulent diffusion is undertaken, through comparison with measurements, and with a baseline Reynolds-stress model (RSM) using geometric wall normals. It is shown that wall-normal-free rsms can be reformulated as a projection on a tensorial basis that includes the inhomogeneity direction unit vector, suggesting that the theory of the redistribution tensor closure should be revised by taking into account inhomogeneity effects in the tensorial integrity basis used for its representation. PACS 47.32.Fg; 47.85.Gj; 47.27.Eq     

利用修正低雷诺数k—ε模型对管道分离流动的数值研究

采用适合于分离流的修正低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型对突扩园管中的流动进行了数值研究，重点是对近壁流动和再附着点附近流动的研究。从理论上证明了所采用的湍流模型既满足近壁渐进行为，又避免了在通过再附着点截面上μｔ恒为０的困难。和已有的实验数据比较表明，所采用的模型对再附点位置及其附近的流动预测能力优于普通低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型。     

柔性壁面湍流边界层相干结构控制的实验研究

本文利用热膜测速技术对刚性壁面和柔性壁面湍流边界层的流向速度分量进行了实验测量,首先研究了柔性壁面对平均速度分布和湍流度分布的影响,结果表明:柔性壁面的边界层速度分布在对数律层向上有所平移,缓冲层加厚,具有一般的壁面减阻特征;而柔性壁的湍流度比刚性壁的湍流度要低,分布也更为平坦。然后综合运用自相关法和条件采样技术研究了湍流近壁区的相干结构,结果表明:刚性壁自相关曲线的第二峰值出现的时间比柔性壁的短,柔性壁的猝发频率比刚性壁的低许多。实验结果表明柔性壁面具有一定的减阻作用。     

一种确定均匀动脉壁面切应力的非线性方法

从Ling和Atabek提出的``局部流'理论出发，提出一种利用测量血液黏度、管轴上 的血流速度、压力和管径波形计算均匀动脉管壁切应力的非线性方法. 将这种方法与柳兆荣 等提出的利用测量血液黏度、管轴上的血流速度和平均管径计算切应力的线性方法比较，结 果表明，当管壁脉动幅度较小时，两种方法计算的压力梯度、流速剖面和管壁切应力差别较 小；而当管壁脉动幅度增大时，两种方法计算的压力梯度、流速剖面和管壁切应力差别增大. 对于小幅脉动均匀动脉，用线性方法计算管壁切应力有较高的精度；而对于大变形 均匀动脉，则需要考虑非线性因素对管壁切应力的影响. 由于作为输入量的血液黏度、轴心 血流速度、压力波形和管径波形可在活体上通过无损伤或微损伤的检测方法得到， 所提出的计算切应力的方法为在体或离体研究切应力与动脉重建的关系提供了方法学基础.     

线性强化材料厚壁圆筒的统一极限分析

运用统一强度理论对承受内压的拉压屈服强度不同的线性强化材料的厚壁圆筒进行了极限载荷分析，得到了适用于多种材料的厚壁圆筒极限载荷的统一解析式．     

壁面温度在多参数下对平板边界层的影响研究

为了得到壁面温度在不同来流速度、不同湍流强度条件下对边界层转捩与减阻的影响规律,本文采用Transitionk-kl-ω模型对低来流速度下无压力梯度的光滑平板进行了数值模拟。结果表明,随着来流速度的升高,壁温升高所起到的减阻效果更好,即高来流速度对壁面温度更为敏感。当来流处于中高湍流强度下时,壁温升高能起到推迟转捩的作用,且随着湍流强度的升高,转捩推迟的效果越好,但减阻效果正好相反;当来流处于低湍流强度下时,壁温升高会使得转捩提前发生。壁温升高抑制了边界层内流体的脉动程度,使得层流的稳态不易被破坏,流动更加稳定;同时,壁温升高使得边界层内流体的速度梯度减小,从而降低了壁面摩擦系数,故壁温升高能起到推迟边界层转捩与减阻的作用。     

Water Impingement on a Vertical Wall due to Discontinuity Decay Above a Drop

The paper reports experimental data on the height of water impingement on a vertical wall during wave reflection due to discontinuity decay above an even bottom and a bottom drop. It is shown that for a bore type wave with a roller in its head, propagating over finitedepth water, the impingement height is proportional to the initial difference in freesurface level. In the case of a dry bottom in the tail water, this is also true for other types of waves formed during discontinuity decay.     

Turbulent Channel Flow with an Artificial Two-Dimensional Wall Layer

Turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid in a plane channel with parallel walls is considered. The three-dimensional time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically using the spectral finite-difference method. An artificial force which completely suppresses lateral oscillations of the velocity is introduced in the near-wall zone (10 % of the channel half-width in the neighborhood of each wall). Thus, the three-dimensional flow zone, in which turbulent oscillations can develop, is separated from the wall by a fluid layer. It is found that the elimination of three-dimensionality in the neighborhood of the walls leads to a significant reduction in the drag. However, complete laminarization does not occur. The flow in the stream core remains turbulent and can be interpreted as a turbulent flow in a channel with walls located on the boundary of the two-dimensional layer and traveling at the local mean-flow velocity. The oscillations developing inside the two-dimensional layer, which have significant amplitude, distort the flow only in the adjacent zone. Beyond this zone the distributions of the mean characteristics and the structure of instantaneous fields completely correspond to ordinary turbulent flow in a channel with rigid walls. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis of the unimportance of the no-slip boundary conditions for the fluctuating velocity component in the mechanism of onset and self-maintenance of turbulence in wall flows.