Determination of linear aliphatic aldehydes in heavy metal containing waters by high-performance liquid chromatography using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization

A simple and sensitive method is described for the determination of picomolar amounts of C₁–C₉ linear aliphatic aldehydes in waters containing heavy metal ions. In this method, aldehydes were first derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) at optimized pH 1.8 for 30 min and analyzed by HPLC with UV detector at 365 nm. Factors affecting the derivatization reaction of aldehydes and DNPH were investigated. Cupric ion, an example of heavy metals, is a common oxidative reagent, which may oxidize DNPH and greatly interfere with the determination of aldehydes. EDTA was used to effectively mask the interferences by heavy metal ions. The method detection limits for direct injection of derivatized most aldehydes except formaldehyde were of the order of 7–28 nM. The detection limit can be further lowered by using off-line C₁₈ adsorption cartridge enrichment. The recoveries of C₁–C₉ aldehydes were 93–115% with a relative standard deviation of 3.6–8.1% at the 0.1 μM level for aldehydes. The HPLC–DNPH method has been applied for determining aldehyde photoproducts from Cu(II)–amino acid complex systems.     

Rapid Estimation of Enantioselectivity in Lipase-catalyzed Resolution of Glycidyl Butyrate Using pH Indicator

A simple method for rapid estimation of the enantioselectivity of lipase in resolution of chiral esters is described. The enantioselectivity of lipase can be estimated rapidly through comparing the dif-ference of hydrolysis rates for the racemic ester and its slow reacting enantiomer under the same condition because the difference mainly depends on the enantioselective ratio(E values). The higher the enantiose-lectivity of enzyme, the larger the difference of hydrolysis rate. The bromothymol blue(BTB) can be used as pH indicator for microplate reader to monitor the formation of acid in lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis ofesters. This method has been successfully used to rapidly estimate the enantioselectivity of several lipases in the resolution of glycidyl butyrate.     

光电化学方法研究嵌入反应

自从七十年代Steele和Armand等提出用嵌入材料作为电池的活性物质以来,新型的高能锂电池有了很大的发展.这类电池反应的特点是伴随电子转移的同时还有锂离子进入阴极主体晶格中,故称为嵌入反应.然而,从研究嵌入反应的方法来看,除了电位扫描等经典的电化学技术以外,用的是X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等非现场的表面测试技术,分析放电后阴极中有锂存在,证明这类反应机理是锂离子的嵌入反应.迄今为止,尚未见到在放电过程中现场检测锂离子嵌入的方法的报导.鉴于嵌入反应电池的阴极材料大多数是金     

硫酸铈(Ⅳ)催化合成丁酸丁酯

丁酸丁酯被广泛应用于食品、医药、烟草、日用化学工业 ,目前工业生产方法以浓硫酸催化丁酸和丁醇反应为主[1] 。由于浓硫酸的脱水、氧化作用 ,使得产物色泽深 ,产率低 ;而且硫酸易腐蚀设备 ,产品后处理产生的酸性废水严重污染环境。因此人们在努力寻找浓硫酸催化法的替代方法。用对甲苯磺酸、杂多酸为催化剂[2 4 ] 对合成丁酸丁酯具有很好的催化效果 ,但存在反应时间长、原料用量大等问题。本文以结晶硫酸高铈为催化剂合成了丁酸丁酯。1　实验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂岛津ＧＣ 1 6Ａ气相色谱仪 ,ＦＴＳ 2 1 0 0型红外光谱仪(美国Ｂｉｏ Ｒａ…     

Experimental and theoretical study of excess molar volumes and enthalpies for the ternary mixture butyl butyrate + 1-octanol + decane at 308.15 K

This paper reports measurements on excess thermodynamic properties for the ternary system: butyl butyrate+1-octanol+decane at the temperature 308.15 K and atmospheric pressure.The binary and ternary experimental data were correlated using the Redlich-Kister and Cibulka equation, respectively. Experimental values were compared with the predictions obtained by several contribution models and several empirical equations.     

净化丙烯腈废气催化剂的研究

研究了贵金属Ｐｄ，Ｐｔ，非贵金属Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ氧化物沸石等催化剂对含－ＣＮ有机物丙烯腈的氧化活性，结果表明，以Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ作活性组分、ＺｒＯ２作助活性组分的催化剂对丙烯腈有较高的氧化活性，较强的控ＮＯｘ能力、较低的起燃温度、较宽的浓度处理范围和较魇空速处理能力，３００ｈ稳定性试验后催化剂活性仍在９９％以上。Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ及扫描电镜表征结果很好地支持了反应结果。     

Novel etching phenomena in poly(3‐hydroxy butyrate) and poly(oxymethylene) spherulites

Poly‐3‐hydroxy butyrate has been etched and studied under scanning and transmission electron microscopes. It displays three of the following unusual features: (1) spherulites develop in a loose spiral rather than radial structure, which appears to reflect the chiral nature of the polymer; (2) in the banded spherulitic structure, lamellae oriented flat‐on to the surface are etched more deeply in relation to edge‐on lamellae; and (3) material crystallized at high temperature is less resistant to etching than that crystallized at low temperature, whereas the most rapid rate of etching appears to be where growth occurred at an intermediate temperature where the growth rate was at its maximum. The second and third phenomena are contrary to what is found in polymers such as polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate and are attributed to excess free volume in the material located between the main lamellar bundles. Polyoxymethylene also displays the same unusual relationship of etching rate with crystallization temperature. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 124–133, 2002     

活性炭表面含氧基团的生成及对NO的还原作用

活性炭表面含氧基团的生成及对ＮＯ的还原作用＊高志明杨向光吴越＊＊（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春１３００２２）关键词活性炭，一氧化氮，氧化铜，还原，氧化近几年，随着环保研究的开展，活性炭被用于同时脱硫脱硝反应［１］．活性炭的表面化学性质就成为需要...     

Cu(II)-2,2'-联喹啉在液/液界面转移及反应动力学

用循环伏安法研究了2,2’-联喹啉推动Cu~(2+)在水/硝基苯界面的转移，提出了配合转移机理，并研究了配合反应过程的动力学，测定了Cu~(2+)和2,2’-联喹啉形成的1:2配合物的界面热力学参数和配合物的形成速率常数k．     

基于罗丹明荧光信号报告基团的细胞通透性铜离子荧光探针

分别以罗丹明B和罗丹明6G为荧光信号报告基团,以增强水溶性为目的的羟乙基肼为修饰基团,合成了反应型的Cu_(2+)离子选择性荧光探针分子L1和L2.紫外光谱和荧光光谱等分析结果表明,探针分子L1和L2对Cu_(2+)离子具有高灵敏度、高选择性的光谱识别行为.探针分子对Cu_(2+)离子的识别过程是通过Cu_(2+)离子催化水解控制氧杂蒽荧光信号的螺环酰肼基团实现荧光信号的开启,从而达到识别检测Cu_(2+)离子的目的,对Cu_(2+)离子的检出限均可达到10-8mol/L量级.同时,探针分子对常见金属离子和铵离子均具有较强的抗干扰能力.由于羟乙基肼的引入增强了探针的水溶性,使得探针L1和L2具有良好的细胞通透性和低毒性,实现了其对β-胰岛细胞(INS-1细胞)中Cu_(2+)离子的荧光成像检测.