地球表面水平运动物体偏转推演及判断

本依据科氏力原理,利用数学矢量公式推断地球表面水平运动物体的偏转方向,并依据其对地球表面出现的系列现象给予物理意义上的解释,使得传统的地表水平运动物体偏转方向的判断进一步规范化。     

CCD摄像机的误差及其检校

在利用面阵CCD摄像机进行摄影测量和检测的系统中,CCD摄像机所产生的误差是系统的主要误差,这种误差是在图像输入的过程中产生的。CCD摄像机的误差一般分光学误差、机械误差和电学误差。在摄像机光学镜头与CCD器件质量比较好的情况下,其主要表现是电学误差,重点讨论电学误差及其检测。     

The Orthogonal Subcategory Problem and the Small Object Argument

A classical result of P. Freyd and M. Kelly states that in “good” categories, the Orthogonal Subcategory Problem has a positive solution for all classes of morphisms whose members are, except possibly for a subset, epimorphisms. We prove that under the same assumptions on the base category and on , the generalization of the Small Object Argument of D. Quillen holds—that is, every object of the category has a cellular -injective weak reflection. In locally presentable categories, we prove a sharper result: a class of morphisms is called quasi-presentable if for some cardinal λ every member of the class is either λ-presentable or an epimorphism. Both the Orthogonal Subcategory Problem and the Small Object Argument are valid for quasi-presentable classes. Surprisingly, in locally ranked categories (used previously to generalize Quillen’s result), this is no longer true: we present a class of morphisms, all but one being epimorphisms, such that the orthogonality subcategory is not reflective and the injectivity subcategory Inj is not weakly reflective. We also prove that in locally presentable categories, the injectivity logic and the Orthogonality Logic are complete for all quasi-presentable classes. Financial support by Centre for Mathematics of University of Coimbra and by School of Technology of Viseu is acknowledged by the third author.     

群Yetter-Drinfel'd范畴中的Hopf代数

In this note we first show that if H is a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra in a group Yetter-Drinfel＇d category L^LyD（π） over a crossed Hopf group-coalgebra L, then its dual H^＊ is also a Hopf algebra in the category L^LyD（π）. Then we establish the fundamental theorem of Hopf modules for H in the category L^LyD（π）.     

基于改进的Heaviside核函数新的目标模型追踪算法

为更好地解决前景和背景相似程度较大或目标运动较为复杂的问题,提出了基于改进的Heaviside核函数新的目标模型追踪算法.在初始帧中,使用改进的Heaviside核函数来表示目标区域,然后分别计算目标区域前景和背景元素的颜色纹理直方图特征分布,并通过前景和背景特征分布差异建立新的目标模型,它可更好地代表目标.对于候选模型,结合传统Epanechnikov核对目标模型建模,通过Bhattacharyya系数进行迭代搜索,最终收敛的位置即为下一帧的目标中心.实验结果表明:提出的算法和传统的Mean-shift算法和基于颜色纹理直方图的Mean-shift算法相比较精确度高、速度快、鲁棒性强.     

基于椭圆对数极坐标变换的尺度变化目标跟踪算法

针对传统对数极坐标变换局限于跟踪圆形或类圆形尺度变化目标这一问题,提出一种基于椭圆对数极坐标变换域下目标匹配的尺度变化目标跟踪算法。算法利用Mean Shift进行空间定位,确定目标的形心,通过椭圆对数极坐标变换域中目标和候选的最大相关匹配系数来确定目标的尺度参数。实验结果表明:该文算法在目标小形变和光照变化条件下,跟踪误差较小,尺度跟踪准确率更高,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于动平台多源数据的运动目标测量方法研究

根据运动目标性能试验需求及试验平台的特点,建立一个影像数据测量系统,实现目标的运动视频记录和外部参数测量。采用基于OpenCV的棋盘格内参数标定结合基于平台上固定标识点、线为基准的外场标定的摄像机标定方法,采用高速影像数据、中线视频数据和GPS数据相结合的方法实现目标运动的轨迹、姿态等参数的测量。通过测量精度分析及多次试验结果证明,测量精度达到水平方向优于10 cm,高程方向优于5 cm,姿态精度优于05。     

Effect of temperature gradient within a solid particle on the rotation and oscillation modes in solid-dispersed two-phase flows

Liquid–solid two-phase flow with heat transfer is simulated, and the effect of temperature gradient within a solid particle on the particle behaviour and heat transfer is studied. The interaction between fluid and particles is considered with our original immersed solid approach on a rectangular grid system. The local heat flux at the fluid–solid interface is described with an anisotropic heat conductivity matrix, and the governing equation of temperature is time-updated with an implicit treatment for the diffusion term. The method is applied to a 2-D natural convection flow of a relatively low Rayleigh number including multiple particles. Heat transfer and particle behaviours are studied for different solid heat conductivities (ratio to the fluid conductivity ranging between 10⁻³ and 10³) and solid volume fractions. Under a condition of relatively low heat conductivity ratio, the particles show a simple circulating flow. By increasing the heat conductivity ratio, a transition of the particulate flow is observed to oscillation mode around the domain centre due to the buoyancy force as a restitution force. The oscillation period is found to vary with the heat conductivity ratio, and it is related to the time scales for the heat transfer via fluid and solid.     

基于改进的加速鲁棒特征的目标识别

为了提高加速鲁棒特征(SURF)算法的实时性和准确性,本文提出了一种结合AGAST角点检测和改进的SURF特征描绘算法。首先利用AGAST角点检测模板检测特征点,再使用增加对角信息的哈尔小波响应来生成特征点的描述子,之后利用特征袋对产生的描述子进行编码并生成新的特征向量,最后利用支持向量机(SVM)对特征向量进行分类,完成识别。本文以SIFT和SURF算法为对照,分别进行不同视角、光照和尺度的识别实验。实验结果表明,本文算法的平均识别率为98.0%、96.9%、97.1%,平均时间分别为66.1 ms、79.3 ms、41.0 ms,在识别率上较优于SURF算法,所耗时间约是SURF算法的1/3。     

基于鲁棒M估计和Mean Shift聚类的动态背景下运动目标检测

针对动态背景下运动目标的检测问题,提出了一种基于鲁棒M估计和Mean Shift聚类的目标检测新方法。首先,在考虑全局光照变化的情况下,构建鲁棒M估计器估计全局运动,以实现最小化相邻2帧图像中所有像素亮度的绝对残差和,根据M估计得到像素点权值,提取出代表局部运动信息的离群点;在离群点中均匀抽取网格点,然后利用Mean Shift聚类算法实现不同运动点的分割;根据聚类的结果生成凸包,准确分割出运动目标区域。实验结果表明,该方法能检测出动态背景下的多个运动目标区域,多目标检测准确度到达95%以上,并且只需两帧图像就可以准确检测并锁定运动目标,满足实时处理的要求,具有一定的工程意义.