无机化学实验成绩评价标准与考核方式初探

根据我院实际情况,对无机化学实验考核方式进行了探讨,将实验教学考核成绩分成平时成绩、阶段成绩和结课成绩三个部分,建立了注重实验结果的同时更注重实验过程及实验技能的考核体系。     

基于组合权重和模糊随机方法的台风灾害风险评估

利用2000~2016年登陆华南地区的24个台风样本的灾情与致灾源数据,建立台风灾害风险评估模型。首先,运用层次分析法和熵权法构建一种新的组合权重;然后,利用组合权重构建灾情指数序列和致灾源指数序列,计算每个台风灾害风险值,并将风险值从小到大划分为五个区间;最后,采用模糊随机方法建立华南地区台风灾害模糊风险评估模型,计算得到五个风险等级区间的模糊可能性,以此来表示各等级台风灾害发生的可能性大小。结果表明,基于组合权重构造的灾情指数序列与致灾源指数序列相关性较强;华南地区发生第二风险等级台风灾害的可能性最大,发生第五风险等级台风灾害的可能性最小,与实际情况较为吻合。     

新疆巴州出口番茄酱中重金属的风险评估

采用微波消解,火焰与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对新疆巴州辖区出口番茄酱中的铜、铅、镉、铁、锌、砷、汞元素进行了分析,结果表明以上元素无超标,均能满足欧盟、日本、美国等出口国的标准。故其重金属残留的风险较低,属于中低风险项目。     

GPU-accelerated real-time IR smoke screen simulation and assessment of its obscuration

With the growing demand for the Battlefield Environment Simulation (BES), IR smoke screen, which is computationally expensive and absolutely indispensable, should be modeled true to life and correct in its thermal radiation characteristics. This paper analyzes the features of an IR smoke screen, and represents an IR smoke screen model based on light extinction, particle dispersion and temperature attenuation, which is calculated by GPU and rendered to screen in real time. Thus a method considering both the real-life in profile and the real-time in efficiency is presented. Additionally, the comparison between the simulated results and the measured data is made to verify the correctness of the smoke screen’s obscuration, which illustrates the effect of its interference feature in an infrared scene.     

Students’ geometric thinking with cube representations: Assessment framework and empirical evidence

While representations of 3D shapes are used in the teaching of geometry in lower secondary school, it is known that such representations can provide difficulties for students. In order to assess students’ thinking about 3D shapes, we constructed an assessment framework based on existing research studies and data from G7-9 students (aged 12–15). We then applied our framework to assess students’ geometric thinking in lessons. We report two cases of qualitative findings from a classroom experiment in which Grade 7 students (aged 12–13) tackled a problem in 3D geometry that was, for them, quite challenging. We found that students who failed to answer given problems did not mentally manipulate representations effectively, while others could mentally manipulate representations and reason about them in order to reach correct solutions. We conclude with the proposition that this finding shows the framework can be used by teachers in instruction to assess their students’ 3D geometric thinking.     

化学实验与科研方法课程教学模式探讨

将研究型教学模式引入化学实验与科研方法课程,通过构建"课堂学习-自主实验-科学指导"三位一体的教学体系,开展科研方法论理论教学,设计以文献调研、实验设计、实验实施、结果分析为主线的研究型教学实验,建立多元化考核体系,激发学生科研热情和创新意识。     

New Developments in Environmental Exposure Assessment in the EU Pesticide Regulatory Process

The paper discusses key aspects of the European Union (EU) regulatory policy for environmental exposure assessment of agricultural pesticide active substances (a.s.) in soil and water, which is examined in the context of the EU Authorisations Directive (91/414/EEC). For agricultural pesticide regulation within EU Member States (MS), the Authorisations Directive will gradually replace existing national systems. Discussion is concentrated on this directive, looking in particular at the Uniform Principles therein and the possible ways that these decision-making guidelines are being developed into a workable regulatory framework. The aim in this process of negotiated development involving the Member States, the Agrochemical Industry and the European Commission (EC), is to identify any questions or data requirements that will be needed for agricultural pesticides.     

Uses and limitations of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to categorize substances on the Canadian domestic substance list as persistent and/or bioaccumulative,and inherently toxic to non-human organisms

Under sections 73 and 74 of the revised Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA 1999) , Environment Canada and Health Canada must "categorize" and "screen" about 23,000 substances on the Domestic Substances List (DSL) for persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B), and inherently toxic (iT) properties. Since experimental data for P, B and iT are only available for a few DSL substances, a workshop was held to address issues associated with the use of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) to categorize these substances. This paper describes the results of an 11-12 November 1999 International Workshop sponsored by Environment Canada to discuss potential uses and limitations of QSARs to categorize DSL substances as either persistent or bioaccumulative and iT to non-human organisms and to recommend future research needed to develop methods for predicting the P, B and iT of difficult-to-model substances.