Modeling of a high frequency ultrasonic transducer using periodic structures

Solidly mounted integrated transducers with a Bragg cell inserted between the piezoelectric film and the substrate are investigated for high frequency ultrasonic applications. A numerically stable recursive one dimensional transmission/reflection model was used to analyze the behavior of the periodic structure. This theoretical analysis includes the study of the influence of the acoustic properties of the constitutive layer, the effect of the number of cells and their arrangement. A 35 MHz integrated transducer consisting in a PZT ceramic laid down on a Au/PZT Bragg cell deposited on a porous substrate was fabricated and characterized. Both theoretical and experimental results highlight the interest of using a periodic structure for high frequency ultrasonic applications.     

光源功率衰减对闭环光纤电流互感器变比影响研究

通过分析光源功率、中心波长、传感光纤Verdet常量,以及闭环光纤电流互感器变比之间的关系,结合测试数据,证明了中心波长漂移是光源功率衰减引起闭环互感器变比变化的主要原因.提出了一种通过提取光路干涉结果中直流信息,修正闭环互感器数字输出的方法,实现光源功率衰减引起的互感器变比误差补偿.实验结果表明,在出光功率衰减程度相同的情况下,闭环互感器变比变化量从补偿前的1.53%降低到了补偿后的0.45%.     

Circuit-field coupled finite element analysis method for an electromagnetic acoustic transducer under pulsed voltage excitation

This paper presents an analytical method for electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) under voltage excitation and considers the non-uniform distribution of the biased magnetic field. A complete model of EMATs including the non-uniform biased magnetic field, a pulsed eddy current field and the acoustic field is built up. The pulsed voltage excitation is transformed to the frequency domain by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). In terms of the time harmonic field equations of the EMAT system, the impedances of the coils under different frequencies are calculated according to the circuit-field coupling method and Poynting’s theorem. Then the currents under different frequencies are calculated according to Ohm’s law and the pulsed current excitation is obtained by inverse fast Fourier transformation (IFFT). Lastly, the sequentially coupled finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the Lorentz force in the EMATs under the current excitation. An actual EMAT with a two-layer two-bundle printed circuit board (PCB) coil, a rectangular permanent magnet and an aluminium specimen is analysed. The coil impedances and the pulsed current are calculated and compared with the experimental results. Their agreement verified the validity of the proposed method. Further- more, the influences of lift-off distances and the non-uniform static magnetic field on the Lorentz force under pulsed voltage excitation are studied.     

基于聚焦换能器的超声透射CT技术*

超声透射CT技术能够重建物体横断面的图像,为了重建高质量图像,分别从换能器和图像重建算法两个方面展开研究。分析了弧形线聚焦换能器焦域处聚焦切片尺寸与换能器几何尺寸的关系及其对CT检测的影响。搭建了超声透射CT检测系统,以等角扇形束的扫描方式获取投影数据,并利用滤波反投影和最小二乘正交分解两种算法重建图像,对比发现最小二乘正交分解算法通用性更强,成像质量更佳。实验结果表明,利用聚焦换能器并结合最小二乘正交分解算法对物体进行CT检测,能够取得较好的成像结果,检测分辨力可达毫米量级。     

基于碳纳米管/Ag/MoS2转导层的全固态钙离子选择电极

构建了一种电势稳定性好的全固态钙离子选择电极(Ca²⁺-ISE),采用碳纳米管(CNT)/Ag/MoS₂为转导层,自制的三脚架化合物作为钙离子载体,制备固体接触式Ca²⁺-ISE。 系统分析了全固态Ca²⁺-ISE的稳定性、能斯特斜率、响应范围、选择性系数等主要性能,发现制备的固体接触式Ca²⁺-ISE在钙离子浓度为1×10^-6~1×10^-1 mol/L范围内呈现线性能斯特响应,响应斜率为28.1 mV/decade。 CNT/Ag/MoS₂的引入有利于提高固体接触式Ca²⁺-ISE的离子浓度线性响应范围,缩短电势平衡时间,降低测试能斯特斜率与理论值差,对于Ca²⁺-ISE的长期在线检测有重要研究意义。     

硅油介质中矩形电容式微机械超声换能器发射与接收声场特性研究

与传统压电式超声换能器相比,基于微机电系统微加工技术制备的电容式微机械超声换能器(CMUT)具有频带宽、灵敏度高、一致性好、易于集成等优势,在医学超声成像中具有广阔的应用前景。该文针对研制的矩形CMUT器件,开展硅油介质中CMUT发射、接收声场特性的理论分析及实验验证研究。首先,针对CMUT阵元结构特征和工作原理,根据指向性函数理论和Bridge乘积原理,建立了矩形CMUT阵元指向性函数分析模型。此基础上,分析微元数目以及谐振频率对CMUT指向性的影响规律。最后,针对7 mm×7 mm二维矩形CMUT在硅油介质中的发射和接收特性进行了实验验证,测试表明发射指向性曲线与仿真理论曲线基本吻合;此外,CMUT接收与发射指向性的测试表明,收发指向性具有一致性,从而验证了声场的互易性。该文的研究对CMUT器件的封装设计以及基于CMUT阵列的乳腺超声CT成像系统的研制具有重要参考价值。     

微小位移测量仪

用“差动电容”传感器测量微小位移,可帮助学生完成“弹性模量的测量”等实验。应用现代测量技术,简化了实验过程,提高了实验精度。     

频率式电涡流位移传感器特性的计算方法

当被探测平面为相对导磁率等于1的良一导体平面时,从理论上推导出频率式电涡流位移传感器的频率一位移特性表达式,计算结果与实验结果之间有很好的一致性     

The use of antiphased zones in an acoustic Fresnel lens for a scanning sonar transmitter

A simple acoustic Fresnel lens is described, which, when used with a plane array of sonar transducer elements, produces a wide beam in azimuth. Test results are compared to computed beam plots and good agreement between theory and measurement was found when all the array elements were in phase. When alternate zones are 180° out of phase, the lens can be reduced in thickness as the step height is halved; however, more careful placing of the transducer elements is required. Such a reduction in lens thickness could be desirable at low operating frequencies, or if a very wide sound beam is desired.     

Humidity and aggregate content correction factors for air-coupled ultrasonic evaluation of concrete

This paper describes the use of non-contact ultrasound for the evaluation of concrete. Micromachined capacitance transducers are used to transmit ultrasonic longitudinal chirp signals through concrete samples using air as the coupling medium, and a pulse compression technique is then employed for measurement of time of flight through the sample. The effect on the ultrasonic wave speed of storing concrete samples, made with the same water/cement ratio, at different humidity levels is investigated. It is shown that there is a correlation between humidity and speed of sound, allowing a correction factor for humidity to be derived. A strong positive linear correlation between aggregate content and speed of sound was then observed; there was no obvious correlation between compressive strength and speed of sound. The results from the non-contact system are compared with that from a contact system, and conclusions drawn concerning coupling of energy into the samples.