基于ITO微电极阵列的电致化学发光多元免疫反应传感芯片

制备了一种基于ITO微电极阵列的多元免疫反应芯片,并实现多元肿瘤标志物的快速、灵敏检测。采用丝网印刷方法制作"花瓣型"ITO微电极阵列,与辐射状的微流控芯片相结合,形成八个独立的检测单元,每个检测单元履行不同的职能,其中三个单元分别用于完成癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)和前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的"夹心型"特异性免疫反应。首先在电极表面修饰K-掺杂石墨烯-CdS∶Eu纳米晶复合物,然后在这些复合物上依次修饰不同捕获抗体和对应的抗原,当对应的CdTe纳米粒子标记的二抗被带到电极表面时,会发生能量转移而实现电致化学发光(ECL)信号的有效猝灭;另外三个单元用做对照试验来验证这种微芯片的选择性;剩下的两个单元分别用来验证K-掺杂石墨烯-CdS∶Eu纳米晶复合物的发光强度,及经活化后CdTe纳米粒子的猝灭效率。这种简单、集成的高通量检测芯片,可发展为复杂样品的自动化、集成化分析检测平台。     

纳米材料催化发光分析研究进展

本文综述了近年纳米材料催化发光分析在快速检测、分析物区分及高通量筛选催化剂等方面的研究进展,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

面向脑机接口的犹他神经电极技术

A human brain is composed of a large number of interconnected neurons forming a neural network. To study the functional mechanism of the neural network, it is necessary to record the activity of individual neurons over a large area simultaneously. Brain-computer interface (BCI) refers to the connection established between the human/animal brain and computers/other electronic devices, which enables direct interaction between the brain and external devices. It plays an important role in understanding, protecting, and simulating the brain, especially in helping patients with neurological disorders to restore their impaired motor and sensory functions. Neural electrodes are electrophysiological devices that form the core of BCI, which convert neuronal electrical signals (carried by ions) into general electrical signals (carried by electrons). They can record or interfere with the state of neural activity. The Utah Electrode Array (UEA) designed by the University of Utah is a mainstream neural electrode fabricated by bulk micromachining. Its unique three-dimensional needle-like structure enables each electrode to obtain high spatiotemporal resolution and good insulation between each other. After implantation, the tip of each electrode affects only a small group of neurons around it even allowing to record the action potential of a single neuron. The availability of a large number of electrodes, high quality of signals, and long service life has made UEA the first choice for collecting neuronal signals. Moreover, UEA is the only implantable neural electrode that can record signals in the human cerebral cortex. This article mainly serves as an introduction to the construction, manufacturing process, and functioning of UEA, with a focus on the research progress in fabricating high-density electrode arrays, wireless neural interfaces, and optrode arrays using silicon, glass, and metal as that material of construction. We also discuss the surface modification techniques that can be used to reduce the electrode impedance, minimize the rejection by brain tissue, and improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode. In addition, we summarize the clinical applications where patients can control external devices and get sensory feedback by implanting UEA. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced by existing electrodes such as the difficulty in increasing electrode density, poor response of integrated wireless neural interface, and the problems of biocompatibility. To achieve stability and durability of the electrode, advancements in both material science and manufacturing technology are required. We hope that this review can broaden the scope of ideas for the development of UEA. The realization of a fully implantable neural microsystem can contribute to an improved understanding of the functional mechanisms of the neural network and treatment of neurological diseases.     

TiO_2纳米阵列光阳极光电催化水分解研究进展

光电催化水分解制氢是目前解决能源危机与环境污染最理想的技术之一.设计和构筑高效的光阳极是实现光电催化技术实际应用的关键.在众多半导体光阳极材料中,TiO_2纳米阵列由于其快的电荷传输速率,高的光热稳定性,无毒和成本低等优点,已经被广泛用于光电催化水分解反应的研究.但是TiO_2本征的光吸收范围窄、光生电荷复合率高、表面水氧化动力学缓慢严重地制约了其太阳能-氢能转换效率.我们结合近年来国内外及本课题组的研究工作详细论述了TiO_2纳米阵列的改性策略,主要包括利用元素掺杂来拓展TiO_2的光吸收范围并提高导电性,构筑异质结促进光电极电荷的分离与转移,半导体敏化增加光电极的可见光吸收并促进电荷转移,表面处理用于增加表面水氧化反应速率.最后指出了该材料发展现状,并对其发展前景做出展望.我们为进一步提高TiO_2纳米阵列的光电催化水分解活性提供了理论指导和实践借鉴.     

具有核壳结构的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合物纳米片阵列的制备及其电化学性能

通过两步水热合成法制备了具有核壳结构的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合材料纳米片阵列.首先,以碳布为基底,水热法生成的ZnO沉积在碳布上形成ZnO纳米棒花簇.其次,以ZnO纳米棒为模板,水热法生成的Ni-Co双氢氧化物纳米片沉积在ZnO纳米棒表面,形成ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物纳米片复合材料阵列.形貌、结构分析和电化学性能测试表明,以碳布为基底,成功地合成了以ZnO纳米棒为模板并具有核壳结构的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合材料纳米片阵列,该复合材料纳米片阵列具有较大的纵横比,且分散均匀.合成的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合材料纳米片阵列具有良好的电化学性能,当电流密度为1 A/g时,其比电容值可达531.6 F/g,该复合材料在超级电容器电极材料领域具有良好的应用前景.     

柔性PDA薄膜阵列用于双模光学检测VOC标志物气体

本研究以亲油性的双面胶作为基底,利用滴涂二乙炔单体结合紫外光聚合来制备均匀的聚二乙炔(PDA)薄膜,通过荧光和颜色两种信号变化模式(即"双模光学检测")研究了PDA薄膜对VOC气体的响应性,发现制备的PDA薄膜在2 min内就可以实现明显的荧光和颜色变化,有效解决了目前PDA薄膜在VOC气体检测方面存在响应速度慢、薄膜均一性差等问题.此外,为解决单一PDA薄膜的交叉响应性问题,本研究制备了四种不同的基于双面胶基底的PDA薄膜,并将制备的4种PDA薄膜集成到一片PDMS薄膜基底上来构建柔性的传感阵列,利用阵列的颜色变化结合模式识别技术,实现了对8种VOC气体的快速、灵敏区分.进一步将制备的PDA薄膜阵列用于健康人、模拟糖尿病及肾病患者呼出气体中VOC标志物的辨别和分析研究,发现可以将三类人的呼出气体清晰地区分,说明了该阵列在呼气疾病诊断中的应用前景.与目前报道的PDA薄膜阵列相比,本研究中基于双面胶基底的PDA薄膜阵列具有气体响应速度快、灵敏性高、柔韧性好、制备工艺简单、成本低、易于大规模制备等优点,有望用于实VOC气体检测研究中.     

热分解法制备Fe_2O_3修饰的TiO_2纳米管阵列及其光电性能研究

为提高TiO_2纳米管阵列(TiO_2-NTs)的可见光活性,通过阳极氧化和热分解法制备了Fe_2O_3纳米粒子修饰的TiO_2纳米管阵列(Fe_2O_3/TiO_2-NTs)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等对产物进行了相关表征,同时测试了产物的光电性能及其光催化降解甲基橙的性能。结果显示,Fe_2O_3/TiO_2-NTs的光电流强度和光催化降解率分别是是TiO_2-NTs的19倍和8.7倍。     

低热应力热稳定曲线型阵列波导光栅复用器

相对方形阵列波导光栅波分复用器芯片而言,采用曲线切割的复用器芯片可以成倍地增加单个晶圆上的复用器产出率,但是曲线切割复用器的中心波长更加容易受到热应力的影响,该热应力是由于封装盒与耦合到复用器芯片上的带状光纤之间的线膨胀系数差异所引起的.本文实验分析了封装热应力对复用器中心波长的影响,结果表明,封装热应力与复用器中心波...     

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays

Polarization-dependent linear absorption, second-harmonic generation （SHG） and 3rd-order nonlinearities of wellaligned ZnO nanorod arrays have been investigated with ps pulses. The depressed spectral width and the enhanced intensity of reflective SHG along the long axis of ZnO nanorods were observed by using p-polarized pulses, which is explained by the optical confinements. The nonlinear absorption coefficient measured with s-polarization reached the maximum 4.0×10^4cm/GW at the wavelength -750nm, which revealed a large two-photon resonance absorption attributed to the quantum confined exciton when the polarization is vertical to the long axis of ZnO nanorod.     

人造复眼成像系统研究的新进展

人造复眼成像系统具有体积小、功耗低、视角范围广等优点，是一种应用前景非常广阔的光成像系统。综述了人造复眼成像系统的研究背景及最新的研究进展，其中包宿基于不同仿生设计理念的各种新型人造复眼结构以及能够实现诸如彩色成像、指纹识别、全视角成像等新功能的实验系统；展望了人造复眼成像系统今后的研究方向。